Laser cladding generally has a higher hardness than conventional quenching hardness. Laser heating has a very high power density, that is, the laser irradiation area has extremely high power per unit area. Due to the extremely high power density, the conductive heat dissipation of the workpiece cannot transfer heat immediately. As a result, the area of the workpiece irradiated by the laser quickly heats up to the austenitizing temperature. Does the new ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology achieve rapid heating? If the laser heating is completed, the large capacity of the workpiece matrix will still maintain a low temperature during rapid heating. Therefore, the heated area will be rapidly cooled due to the heat conduction of the workpiece itself, which can achieve heat treatment effects such as quenching. Laser heat treatment has a high degree of automation, and the depth and area of the solidified layer are controllable. This invention mainly enhances the surface of automobile parts or molds to improve their surface hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, strength, and high-temperature performance, etc., for example, automobile engines The laser additive manufacturing technology of cylinder bores, crankshafts, ultra-high-speed laser cladding powder stamping molds and casting templates can complete the forming and production of complex parts without molds, and can also deposit parts with special properties in selected areas of the parts. Strengthen the coating, thereby growing parts of specific shapes, and laser-reproduce defective parts.
What are the advantages of laser cladding? I don’t know if we know it. In most cases, many things have some commonalities. Therefore, the advantages of laser cladding can be cleverly and flexibly used. I think many people should be aware of such matters. So about laser cladding, The advantages can be briefly discussed for us. The concentrated power density of the laser beam can reach 1010~12W/cm2, and it can achieve a cooling rate of up to 1012K/s when acting on materials. This comprehensive characteristic not only provides a strong foundation for the development of new disciplines in material science but also provides a basis for new types of materials. The realization of materials or new functional surfaces provides an unprecedented tool. The melt created by laser cladding is far away from the equilibrium state of rapid cooling conditions under high-temperature gradients, causing the formation of a large number of supersaturated solid solutions, metastable phases, and even new phases in the solidification structure. This has been confirmed by a large number of studies. It provides new thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for the production of functionally graded in-situ autogenous particle-reinforced composite layers. At the same time, the preparation of new materials by laser cladding technology is an important basis for the repair and remanufacturing of failed parts under extreme conditions and the direct manufacturing of metal parts. It has received great attention and multi-faceted research from the scientific community and enterprises around the world. At present, laser cladding technology can be used to prepare iron-based, nickel-based, cobalt-based, aluminum-based, titanium-based, magnesium-based, and other metal-based composite materials. Classified by function: coatings with multiple functions can be prepared singly or simultaneously, such as: wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, etc., as well as special functional coatings. From the perspective of the data system that constitutes the coating, it has developed from a binary alloy system to a multi-element system. The alloy composition design and versatility of multi-element systems are important development directions for the preparation of new materials by laser cladding in the future.
Common application areas of laser cladding technology:
1. Manufacturing and remanufacturing of mining equipment and parts
Mining coal machinery equipment uses a large amount of equipment and wears out quickly. Because of its harsh working environment and rapid damage to parts, laser cladding technology is required.
2. Manufacturing and remanufacturing of electrical equipment and parts
Electrical equipment has a large distribution volume and operates continuously, and its components have a high probability of damage. Steam turbines are the central equipment for thermal power generation. Due to the special working conditions of high temperature and heat, damaged unit parts such as main shaft diameter, moving blades, etc. need to be repaired regularly every year. Gas turbines often suffer damage because they operate under high-temperature conditions of up to 1300°C. Using laser cladding technology to repair all its defects and restore its performance, the cost is only 1/10 of the price of a new unit.
3. Manufacturing and remanufacturing of petrochemical equipment and parts
The modern petrochemical industry basically adopts the continuous mass production model. During the production process, the machines work in harsh environments for a long time, causing damage, corrosion, and wear to the components within the equipment. Parts that often cause problems include valves, Pumps, impellers, journals, disks, bushings, bearing bushes, etc. of large rotors. Moreover, these components are very expensive and involve many types of parts. Most of them are complex in shape and are difficult to repair. However, With the emergence of laser cladding technology, these problems are no longer a problem.
4. Manufacturing and remanufacturing of railway equipment and parts
Railway transportation develops rapidly with the growth of the social economy. The demand for new railway vehicles is very large, and the quantity and performance requirements for main components are also increasing. As a new resource reuse skill, the remanufacturing skill can be applied to the remanufacturing of easily worn vehicle parts. Laser surface strengthening is the core skill and process method of remanufacturing, among which laser cladding technology can be applied to repair and strengthen the surface of remanufactured parts.
5. Remanufacturing of key parts of other machinery industry equipment
The remanufacturing of key parts in other machinery manufacturing industries involves industries such as metallurgy, petrochemicals, mining, chemicals, aviation, automobiles, ships, machine tools, etc., in view of the wear and tear of precision equipment, large equipment, and precious parts in these fields. , erosion and corrosion parts, use laser cladding processing technology to repair and optimize performance.
