Laser Cladding, also known as laser melting or laser cladding, refers to placing the selected coating material on the surface of the coated substrate in different filling methods (synchronous powder feeding or pre-placed powder), and using high-energy laser beam irradiation to form a metallurgical bond between the coating material and the substrate material, thereby significantly improving the heat resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance of the substrate material surface.

Laser cladding technology is a new technology with high economic benefits. It can prepare high-performance alloy surfaces on cheap metal substrates without affecting the properties of the substrate, reducing costs and saving precious rare metal materials.

When the workpiece substrate is a manganese alloy, laser cladding technology is required for surface strengthening and repair due to severe wear. The following metal powders can be considered for laser cladding:

• Self-fluxing alloy powder:
  Contains deoxidation and slag-forming elements such as B and Si, and has a wide adaptability to the substrate. It can be applied to various types of carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel and cast iron. However, it is not suitable for steel with high sulfur content, because the sulfur in the steel will form a brittle substance with low melting point at the interface, which can easily cause the cladding layer to fall off. Among them, the price of iron-based alloys is relatively lower than that of nickel-based and cobalt-based alloys; nickel-based alloys have good self-fluxing and wettability, and the formed coating has outstanding wear resistance and corrosion resistance; cobalt-based alloys have excellent comprehensive properties such as high-temperature wear resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and thermal fatigue resistance.
• Ceramic powder:
  It has excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance, so it is often used to prepare high-temperature wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coatings. Currently, silicide ceramic powder and oxide ceramic powder are commonly used. However, the thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus and thermal conductivity of ceramic powder and base metal are quite different, and the cladding layer is prone to cracks and holes. Deformation, cracking, peeling and damage will occur during use.
• Composite powder:
  It mainly refers to the powder system formed by mixing or compounding high-melting point hard ceramic materials with metals. The toughness and good processability of the metal can be organically combined with the excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance of ceramic materials.
• Other metal powders:
  Including copper-based, titanium-based, aluminum-based, magnesium-based, zirconium-based, chromium-based and intermetallic compound matrix materials. Most of these materials use certain special properties of the alloy system to achieve one or more functions such as wear resistance, friction reduction, corrosion resistance, conductivity, high temperature resistance, and thermal oxidation resistance.

The effect after laser cladding varies depending on the materials and processes used. The following are some common effects:

1. Improve wear resistance: The cladding layer can provide higher hardness and wear resistance and extend the service life of the substrate.
2. Improve corrosion resistance: Some cladding materials can form a corrosion-resistant coating to protect the substrate from corrosion.
3. Repair damage: It can repair wear, scratches, corrosion and other damage on the surface of the substrate and restore its size and shape.
4. Enhance surface performance: According to needs, the surface hardness, strength, heat resistance and other properties of the substrate can be improved.

When selecting laser cladding materials, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as the properties of the substrate, the use environment, performance requirements and cost. In addition, the parameter setting of the laser cladding process will also affect the cladding effect, so appropriate process optimization and testing are required. In general, laser cladding technology is an effective surface strengthening repair method that can significantly improve the wear resistance and service life of manganese alloys. However, in practical applications, it is necessary to select appropriate cladding materials and process parameters according to specific circumstances, and conduct strict quality control and testing to ensure the repair effect and reliability.