In the process of oil extraction, the frequency of use of mechanical equipment is very high, and mechanical equipment is also indispensable for oil extraction. That is why once the oil machinery and equipment fails, it will affect the overall extraction effect. If it is not handled properly, it will cause more serious impact. Based on this situation, it is necessary to strengthen the maintenance of oil machinery and equipment, analyze the faults existing in the operation of mechanical equipment, find out the causes of the faults, take targeted measures to prevent them, and ensure the stability and safety of the operation of oil machinery and equipment.
The maintenance of oil machinery and equipment should start from multiple aspects, combine the actual situation of oil enterprises, formulate a scientific and reasonable maintenance system, strengthen fault detection, reduce the probability of mechanical equipment failure, and improve the operation efficiency of mechanical equipment.
1 Analysis of the importance of maintenance of oil machinery and equipment
With the rapid development of the economy, the demand for oil, the “blood of industry”, is also continuing to rise. Therefore, when there are no new oil fields, oil companies must ensure the full-time operation of mechanical equipment to maximize its efficiency and ensure the normal extraction of crude oil. As key equipment in the process of oil extraction, oil machinery and equipment have been greatly damaged by high-load operation, which greatly reduces the service life and operation efficiency of mechanical equipment. In addition, under high load conditions, the operation of petroleum machinery and equipment will also bring some potential hidden dangers to itself. If these problems are ignored while ensuring production, it will lead to very serious safety accidents, and serious ones will also lead to casualties, property losses, and even major safety accidents. In order to ensure the safe operation of petroleum machinery and equipment, it must be repaired and maintained. Whether it is to maintain or repair petroleum machinery and equipment, its purpose is to improve its utilization rate and service life.
The repair and maintenance of petroleum machinery and equipment is a routine behavior. During the long-term operation of the equipment, wear and failure will inevitably occur. These problems will have a great impact on the normal operation of the equipment. From an investment perspective, the repair and maintenance of petroleum machinery and equipment is an effective investment method. Doing a good job of repairing and maintaining the equipment can ensure its normal operation, and can also effectively improve the equipment’s work efficiency and performance quality, thereby promoting the improvement of the economic benefits of oil companies and promoting the orderly development of enterprises.
2 Classification and analysis of oil machinery failures
2.1 Fault classification
In the operation of oil machinery and equipment, it can be divided into three types according to its failure form: damage-type failure, in which the oil machinery and equipment are not fully repaired and maintained due to long-term use, or the mechanical and structural damage caused by failure to comply with the operating specifications during the operation of the oil machinery and equipment, including structural deformation, drive shaft fracture, bearing burns, etc. This kind of failure problem seriously interferes with the normal operation of oilfield machinery and equipment, and brings great difficulties to oilfield development; hidden failure, among all the equipment failure problems, some failure problems may be located in the sealed cavity of the equipment, or in places that are difficult to observe, making it difficult for people to detect their problems through eyes or touch. This problem will occur in many oil machinery and equipment, thus bringing great safety hazards to the normal operation of the equipment. For example, problems such as loose connection screws in the lifting system and rotating system of oil machinery and equipment are latent problems in oil machinery and equipment, and such latent problems are difficult to detect. In addition, during the operation of the equipment, lack of oil, water or poor lubrication conditions are also the main causes of equipment failure. The hidden faults of petroleum machinery and equipment are difficult to detect because of their high degree of concealment. When they are detected, they often cause great damage to the equipment, even irreparable damage, resulting in huge property losses and even casualties. Therefore, when repairing and maintaining, it is necessary to increase the detection of such highly hidden but highly damaging faults to ensure the safe operation of the equipment; aging-type faults refer to loose components, aging of the body, abnormal damage, etc. during long-term operation. Most of the faults are caused by aging and damage of petroleum machinery and equipment. In the application of petroleum machinery and equipment, some mechanical faults will inevitably occur in the equipment. In order to improve the efficiency of its operation, it is necessary to actively strengthen the maintenance and repair of the equipment, and do a good job of preventive maintenance of the equipment, so as to ensure the stable operation of petroleum machinery and equipment to the greatest extent.
2.2 Fault Analysis
When analyzing the faults of petroleum machinery and equipment, the primary purpose is not only to distinguish the type and nature of the faults, but more importantly to recognize the fault mechanism of petroleum machinery and equipment, so as to carry out targeted improvements to prevent the recurrence of similar faults. Through analysis, we can find the main cause of the failure, and start from the aspects of design, material selection, processing and manufacturing, installation and commissioning, so as to make the mechanical equipment run reliably and ensure the stable operation of petroleum machinery and equipment. In the fault analysis, we should start from the problems of the equipment, conduct in-depth research and analysis, and use certain testing methods to achieve the purpose of equipment fault diagnosis and troubleshooting.
3 Analysis of problems encountered by petroleum machinery and equipment
3.1 Lack of attention to equipment management
Petroleum machinery management is very important. In my country, some oil companies have not fully realized this, which has brought great difficulties to the inspection and maintenance of petroleum machinery and equipment. On the one hand, enterprises pay too much attention to economic benefits, and their work focuses more on business goals and development strategies. Enterprise investment is generally concentrated in industry exploration, market expansion, mining and refining, but investment and management in machinery and equipment are very limited, which has an adverse impact on the maintenance and management of machinery and equipment. In addition, some enterprises have insufficient understanding of equipment maintenance. In their daily work, they do not strictly control mechanical safety and operational safety. Mechanical equipment has aged significantly and cannot be maintained and replaced in time. Because there is no sound equipment management policy and system, it is difficult to carry out mechanical equipment management.
3.2 Inadequate lubrication
Based on the analysis of past petroleum machinery and equipment, it is found that the most important factor causing greater wear of petroleum machinery and equipment is the lack of good lubrication between the parts. In mechanical equipment, there are many parts, and there are some gaps between them and other parts. When the equipment is in long-term operation, it is affected by vibration, environment and other factors and causes some wear. At this time, it must be lubricated and maintained to ensure the rationality of the gaps between these equipment and other parts. In addition, proper lubrication can reduce the temperature of mechanical equipment during operation. Lack of maintenance in this regard or problems with the quality of lubricants will increase the probability of equipment failure.
3.3 Unreasonable operation
The operation of petroleum machinery and equipment is a rather complicated process. Some necessary inspections must be carried out before operation to ensure sufficient coolant and fuel to create good conditions for the operation of mechanical equipment. However, in actual use, some operators did not strictly follow the equipment’s operating procedures, and put the mechanical equipment into use directly without doing a good job of preliminary inspection. Therefore, in the operation of mechanical equipment, some problems are likely to occur, resulting in an increase in maintenance costs and affecting oil production. To prevent the occurrence of such phenomena, it is necessary to strengthen the training of employees, improve the quality of employees, so that they have both excellent working ability and a certain sense of safety and responsibility, strictly abide by technical standards and operating procedures, and reduce the occurrence of failures.
3.4 Overload operation
In the process of oil machinery and equipment operation, oil machinery and equipment have replaced human work to a certain extent. From the current situation, the degree of automation in the process of oil production is relatively high. It can be said that machinery is the main force on site. However, in the use and maintenance of mechanical equipment, on the one hand, due to the lack of knowledge of the use and maintenance of mechanical equipment, in the case of machine failure, it is impossible to find it in the first time. On the other hand, equipment managers believe that some minor failures will not have any adverse effects on the actual use of the equipment, so it will also make the equipment run normally. Such a situation increases the working pressure of petroleum machinery and equipment. If they are in an overloaded operation for a long time, it is likely to cause mechanical equipment failure, bury some potential safety hazards for subsequent production, and shorten the service life of mechanical equipment, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the enterprise. In addition, because small oil companies cannot afford the expensive maintenance costs after the failure of machinery and equipment, when the mechanical equipment fails, maintenance will lead to serious losses and other problems, and some parts cannot operate normally, which will have a certain impact on oil production.
4 Analysis of key points of maintenance and repair of petroleum machinery and equipment
4.1 Strengthen the concept of petroleum machinery management
In the face of various problems in the operation of petroleum machinery and equipment, petroleum enterprises and relevant departments should strengthen their understanding of petroleum machinery management and do a good job in the ideological work of staff. First of all, it is necessary to strengthen the publicity of inspection and maintenance of petroleum machinery and equipment, and through scientific explanations and training, enable employees to have a deeper understanding of the structure and characteristics of mechanical equipment, and explain to them the importance of mechanical equipment management in petroleum enterprises in a way that employees like, so as to ensure the formalization, standardization and standardization of mechanical equipment management.
In addition, it is also necessary to provide skills training for oil enterprise staff, establish a set of effective reward and punishment system, so as to mobilize the enthusiasm and passion of employees at work, and keep detailed archive records of mechanical equipment models, usage times, maintenance problems, maintenance results, etc., and effectively improve the management level of oil machinery and equipment based on equipment maintenance and maintenance conditions.
4.2 Secondary inspection after maintenance
Oil machinery plays an important role in production activities. Therefore, for oil companies, the inspection and maintenance of mechanical equipment must control the quality of maintenance, and at the same time, the whole process must be recorded to lay the foundation for subsequent maintenance work. In addition, after the maintenance of oil machinery and equipment, the maintenance personnel should do a good job of follow-up inspection and maintain a rigorous attitude in the maintenance work. After the mechanical equipment has been tested and repaired, it should be checked twice to avoid the situation where the fault problem has not been handled. In this way, the fault can be detected and repaired, and the economic loss can be reduced, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the mechanical equipment.
4.3 Improve the maintenance system
Facing the problem of mechanical equipment failure, managers of oil companies must pay great attention to it. After the problem occurs, they must quickly analyze and maintain the faulty equipment in the shortest time. Although some minor problems will not cause too much damage to the normal operation of the entire equipment, they must always remain highly vigilant to prevent the equipment from stopping operation due to these problems, and truly and effectively improve the operation capacity of oil machinery and equipment and extend the service life of machinery and equipment. From the current operation of oil companies, it can be seen that the mechanical maintenance system of some companies is relatively backward, the methods of testing and maintenance of equipment are relatively simple, and some companies do not have a special testing and maintenance department, which will cause great interference to the normal operation of equipment and delay normal production work. Therefore, when problems occur, technicians should quickly check and repair the fault problems in the shortest time, find the problem, and carry out targeted maintenance to ensure the quality of mechanical equipment maintenance and reduce the number of equipment maintenance. At the same time, it is also necessary to formulate a complete mechanical equipment maintenance management system, adhere to safety first, clarify the responsibilities of mechanical maintenance, and ensure that all oil machinery and equipment can be effectively protected.
4.4 Strengthen the maintenance management of petroleum machinery
In the application of petroleum machinery, due to the constraints of many factors such as management system, operation technology, market factors and working environment, these factors have led to the increase of mechanical loss and maintenance costs of enterprises to some extent, which is not conducive to the long-term development of enterprises. Therefore, in order to reduce the negative impact of the above problems on enterprises, oil must establish an effective management system, strictly supervise the entire market environment, enhance the quality awareness of enterprises, do a good job in the later quality maintenance of enterprises, optimize maintenance work, improve the performance indicators of mechanical equipment, and reduce the operating costs of enterprises as much as possible. For oil companies, it is necessary to pay attention to communication and exchanges with factory technicians, and promptly feedback the operating status and problems of the machinery to the manufacturer. If necessary, the manufacturer can also send professional technicians to the site for guidance, so as to improve the standardization and safety of petroleum machinery operation.
4.5 Strengthen employee skills training
Whether it is to operate or repair mechanical equipment, it is inseparable from the support of personnel. As an important participant in the process of oil development, the professional operation skills and maintenance level of the staff play a very important role in the stable operation of mechanical equipment. Therefore, in the process of training operators, fault detection technicians, and maintenance management personnel, a set of effective training plans should be formulated according to the specific situation of the enterprise to effectively improve their professional and technical level. At the same time, it is also necessary to ensure that the relevant technicians have a sense of safety precautions and responsibility, realize the normal operation of mechanical equipment, and achieve the development needs and benefit goals of the enterprise.
4.6 Optimize maintenance plans
Due to the diversity of petroleum machinery and equipment, the required equipment characteristics and parameter settings in different jobs are also very different, which also has a certain impact on the maintenance of mechanical equipment. Therefore, for different petroleum machinery and equipment failures, relevant personnel should take more scientific and reasonable response measures according to the specific conditions. In the actual maintenance work, the maintenance plan should be optimized and adjusted according to different petroleum machinery and equipment, and it is necessary to ensure that the overall operation is logical. According to the actual situation, an in-depth analysis of the fault problems that have occurred should be carried out, and scientific detection technology should be used to improve the maintenance level of the equipment. At the same time, in the process of the development of petroleum machinery and equipment towards intelligence and automation, petroleum maintenance technology must also continue to innovate and break through, requiring relevant staff to be able to formulate maintenance plans in a targeted manner to ensure the smooth progress of detection and maintenance work.
5 Conclusion
The operation of petroleum machinery and equipment is affected by many factors and is prone to various faults. In order to ensure the orderliness of oil production, it is very necessary to strengthen the maintenance of petroleum machinery and equipment, coordinate various aspects, and do a good job in the maintenance of machinery and equipment, so as to nip possible safety hazards in the bud, avoid the aggravation of the problem, reduce unnecessary cost losses, strengthen personnel training, formulate a comprehensive maintenance system, improve the operating efficiency of machinery and equipment, and promote the stable development of oil companies.
