Njenge ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ubuchwepheshe be-laser iye yasetshenziswa cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuphila. Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-laser bubhekisela kubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokucutshungulwa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe obusebenzisa imishayo ye-laser enamandla kakhulu njengendlela yokuguqula isimo noma izakhiwo zezinto ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana ngokomzimba namakhemikhali phakathi kwemishayo ye-laser nezinto zokwakha. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser kuhlanganisa imikhakha eminingi efana ne-laser physics, izinto zokwakha, i-electronics, imishini nokudluliswa kokushisa kobunjiniyela, futhi ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi obufana ne-laser, ukukhiqiza, ukulawula nokusebenzisa ikhompuyutha. Sekuwubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokukhiqiza obusezingeni eliphezulu obudlula imikhakha eminingi futhi buhlanganise ubuchwepheshe obuningi. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser kunezici zokungathinteki, akukho kungcola, indawo encane ethintekile ekushiseni, ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula kanye nokucubungula kwendawo ozikhethela, futhi akunakuthathelwa indawo ezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokucubungula. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-laser busetshenziswe ezimbonini eziningi.

Ngenxa yezimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nobunkimbinkimbi bento esebenzayo, imishini yezolimo, ikakhulukazi ukwakheka okusemuva nezindlela zokucubungula embonini yokukhiqiza imishini yezolimo, inobuhlakani obusha obumbalwa, imijikelezo emisha yokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, izindleko eziphezulu, ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza enzima, kanye nokuphila komkhiqizo okufushane. Ukuze uthuthukise ngamandla ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza imishini yezolimo futhi uyithuthukise ngokuhambisana nezinye izimboni zokukhiqiza imishini, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuphambili obufana ne-laser ekukhiqizeni kwezolimo kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza besimanje bokukhiqiza imishini yezolimo. amabhizinisi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-laser prototyping ngokushesha ekukhiqizeni imishini yezolimo:

Ubuchwepheshe be-prototyping esheshayo yitemu elivamile lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ngokushesha amasampula noma izingxenye ezisekelwe ngokuqondile kumamodeli e-CAD. Ihlanganisa impumelelo yesimanje yesayensi netheknoloji njengobuchwepheshe be-CAD, ubuchwepheshe be-CNC, ubuchwepheshe be-laser nobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuphambili. Ingakwazi ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokuqondile, ngokushesha nangokunembile imibono yokuklama ibe ama-prototypes anemisebenzi ethile noma ikhiqize ngokuqondile izingxenye ezisekelwe kumamodeli e-CAD (amamodeli we-elekthronikhi), futhi ikhiqize cishe noma yiziphi izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokubunjwa namathuluzi, ixazulule inkinga yokumisa ngokushesha ukusuka ekuklanyeni kuya ekuklanyeni. ukukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, lobu buchwepheshe bungahlola ngokushesha futhi buguqule imiklamo yomkhiqizo, bufinyeze ngempumelelo umjikelezo we-R&D womkhiqizo, bunciphise izindleko zentuthuko, buhlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe yanamuhla encintisanayo ngokuthuthuka ngokushesha kanye nokukhiqizwa ngokushesha kwemikhiqizo emisha, futhi kuthuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe kwemikhiqizo kanye nemikhiqizo emisha. ukuncintisana okuphelele kwamabhizinisi.

I-laser selective sintering ingenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zenqubo ekukhiqizeni ama-prototyping ngokushesha. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa umgomo wokwengeza ungqimba lwezinto zokwakha ngokwesendlalelo ukusika nokuhlukanisa imodeli eqinile enezinhlangothi ezintathu ukuze kukhiqizwe indlela yokuskena ye-laser sintering; bese, ugongolo lwe-laser luskenwa endleleni yokuskena ngesithwebuli se-laser ye-xY ukuze sincibilike futhi sifake impahla yempushana yomzimba efanayo (njengempushana yepulasitiki, impushana enayiloni, i-wax, i-ceramic noma), impushana exutshiwe yensimbi ne-binder noma impushana yensimbi, njll. ungqimba ngesendlalelo. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-sintering kanye ne-layer by layer stacking, i-workpiece edingekayo ye-dimensional emithathu iyakhiwa ekugcineni. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza inezici zesivinini sokwakheka okusheshayo, ukunemba okuphezulu, ikhwalithi enhle yendawo, ukucubungula okulula kwangemuva nokonga isikhathi. Iwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile futhi isidale indlela entsha yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza yemishini yezolimo inezici zayo. Izingxenye eziningi zinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengemishini yokulima, imishini yokulungisa umhlaba kanye nemishini yokuvuna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindawo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezigobile, ezifana nendawo egobile yegeja, i-rotary tiller rotary blade, i-impeller yepompo yamanzi kanye nesikulufu sokuphakelayo, njll., futhi izimo zazo zidinga ukulungiswa ngokufanele ngokuya ngesimo esithile sokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezinjalo zemishini yezolimo kusetshenziswa izindlela zendabuko zokucubungula imishini akuthathi nje kuphela isikhathi eside kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi bokucubungula, kodwa futhi kunzima ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe be-laser be-prototyping esheshayo akufinyezi nje kuphela umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokuthuthukiswa, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza kunezindlela zokukhiqiza ezivamile.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuqinisa ubuso be-laser nokwelashwa kokushisa:

Ukuqinisa ubuso be-laser nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa wuhlobo olusha lobuchwepheshe bokwelapha okubonakalayo obuthuthukiswe eminyakeni engama-20 edlule. Umgomo we-laser surface eqinisa ubuchwepheshe ukusebenzisa izici zekhono lokungena eliqinile le-laser. Lapho ingaphezulu lensimbi lishiselwa ekushiseni okubalulekile kwenguquko ngezansi nje kwendawo yokuncibilika, ubuso bayo buqinisekiswa ngokushesha, bese buzipholisa ngokushesha futhi bucime, futhi ubuso bensimbi buqiniswa ngokushesha. Ukuqinisa ubuso be-laser nokwelashwa kokushisa kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: Okokuqala, insimbi ayincibiliki lapho i-laser i-radiated, kodwa isakhiwo siyashintsha. Lolu hlobo lwenqubo ngokuyinhloko luwukuqina koshintsho lwesigaba se-laser (ukucisha i-laser); okwesibili, insimbi iyancibilika lapho i-laser i-irradiated, futhi isakhiwo sishintsha ngemva kokupholisa noma ezinye izakhi zengezwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo ezingaphezulu, okuhlanganisa ukuncibilika kwe-laser, i-laser alloying, i-laser amorphization kanye ne-microcrystallization; okwesithathu, indawo yensimbi iyahwamuka lapho i-laser ikhanyiswa, ngaleyo ndlela ibangele ushintsho esakhiweni. Lolu hlobo lwenqubo ngokuyinhloko luqinisa ukushaqeka kwe-laser. Isisekelo esivamile sethiyori sezinqubo ezibalulwe ngenhla zokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-laser umthetho wokusebenzelana phakathi kwe-laser nezinto kanye nokuziphatha kwayo kwe-metallurgical.

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-laser kuwukuthuthuka kanye nokwengezwa kobuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa okungokwesiko. Ingaxazulula izinkinga zokuqinisa izinto ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingakwazi ukuzixazulula noma okunzima ukuzixazulula. Ngemuva kokwelashwa nge-laser, amandla angaphezulu ongqimba oluphonsayo angafinyelela ku-HRC60 noma ngaphezulu, futhi ubulukhuni bobuso bekhabhoni ephakathi, insimbi ephezulu ye-carbon steel ne-alloy steel bungafinyelela ku-HRC70 noma ngaphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwayo nokuguga, ukumelana nokukhathala, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye ne-oxidation. ukumelana, kanye nokwelula impilo yayo yesevisi.

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-laser kusetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezimoto. Cishe zonke izingxenye ezibalulekile zezimoto eziningi (ezifana ne-cylinder block, cylinder liner, crankshaft, camshaft, valve exhaust, isihlalo se-valve noma indandatho ye-piston, njll.) zingelashwa nge-HJ laser treatment. Ngokufanayo, izitimela zezolimo nazo kufanele zisetshenziswe kakhulu. Emkhiqizweni wezolimo, izimo zokusebenza zemishini ziyahlukahluka. Eminye imishini (amageja, ama-cultivators, izimbewu kanye nezivuni) isebenza ngokuqondile emithonjeni e-abrasive, okwenza izingxenye eziningi ziguge ngokushesha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze uthole amandla anele, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo komshini kukhulu, okungachithi nje kuphela izinto kodwa futhi kubonakala kukhulu. Ezingxenyeni ezinjalo, ubulukhuni ngemva kokwelashwa kokuqina kwe-laser buyi-5% kuya ku-20% ngaphezu kokucima okuvamile. I-laser alloying ingakhetha izinto ezintsha zokwenza isendlalelo esisha sengxubevange ngokusekelwe ku-substrate ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza okwanelisayo. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe ngemuva kokwelashwa, ama-substrates asebenza kancane angakhethwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ubukhulu be-substrate.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-laser ukulungisa izingxenye zemishini yezolimo:

Ukufakwa kwe-laser (obeye aziwe njengo ukuncibilika kwe-laser) ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuguqula indawo. Yengeza okokugqumayo ebusweni be-substrate futhi isebenzisa i-laser enamandla amakhulu ukuze inyibilikise kanye nongqimba oluncane olusebusweni be-substrate ukuze kwakhiwe ungqimba lwe-filler cladding oluboshwe nge-metallurgical ebusweni be-substrate. . Njengoba i-laser cladding ingakwazi ukumboza izinto eziphezulu zokuncibilika ebusweni be-low-melting-point substrates, futhi ukwakheka kwezinto akunqunyelwe izimo ezijwayelekile ze-thermodynamic ze-alloy metallurgy. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi bezinto zokugqoka ezisetshenziswayo bubanzi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-nickel-based, i-cobalt-based, i-alloys esekwe ku-iron, i-carbide composite alloy materials, nezinto zobumba. Phakathi kwazo, i-laser cladding ye-alloy materials kanye ne-carbide composite materials ikhulile futhi isetshenziswe ngendlela engokoqobo. Ngenxa yenqubo yokushisisa esheshayo ecishe ibe yi-adiabatic ekhiqizwa ukuminyana okukhulu kwamandla ensimbi ye-laser, i-laser cladding inomthelela omncane oshisayo ku-substrate futhi ibangela ukuwohloka okuncane. Ukulawula amandla okokufaka we-laser kungakhawulela futhi ukuhlanjululwa kwe-substrate ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-10%), ngaleyo ndlela kugcine ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwezinto zokuqala zokuhlanganisa.

Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-laser cladding bungathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwendawo yezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulungisa izingxenye ngemva kokugqoka kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezingxenye ezisanda kukhiqizwa. Ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile (njengama-cylinder liners nama-pistons emishinini yezolimo), ngenxa yomthwalo omkhulu womsebenzi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukucindezela okukhulu, ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye namazinga ahlukene okungqubuzana, inani eligqokwayo likhulu kakhulu, futhi izingxenye zidinga ukulahlwa futhi zishintshwe. njalo. Emishinini yokulima, imishini yokulungisa umhlabathi kanye nemishini yokuvuna (njengamageja, abalimi, izimbewu kanye nezivuni), ukugqokwa kwendawo kuyashesha kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi izingxenye ziyalahlwa ngenxa yomonakalo wendawo. Ukuze ukwandise impilo yesevisi yezingxenye, umsebenzi wokulungisa ubaluleke kakhulu. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser kunenzuzo eyingqayizivele yomphumela okhethiwe, futhi i-laser cladding ingakwazi ukulungisa kalula izingxenye ezigugile, ukuze izingxenye zingalahliwe ngenxa yomonakalo wendawo, zithuthukise ukwethembeka nempilo yesevisi yezingxenye, futhi kuzuzwe izidingo zokusebenza okungcono futhi ngezindleko eziphansi zokutshala izimali. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungisa isikhunta ngama-lasers kungandisa kakhulu impilo yesikhunta, futhi akunqunyelwe ukuma nobukhulu. Kufanele futhi ikhuthazwe futhi yamukelwe ekukhiqizeni imishini yezolimo.

Imicabango eminingana ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-laser ekukhiqizeni imishini yezolimo:

1. Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-laser buye bakhuthazwa ngamandla ezimbonini eziningi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwabo ekukhiqizeni imishini yezolimo nakho kubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zokucubungula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-lasers kumele kuqale kokuyisisekelo. Kuphela uma le ndlela yokucubungula eseqophelweni eliphezulu isikwazi ngokugcwele lapho inqubo evamile ingathuthukiswa kangcono futhi izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe obusha zisetshenziswe. Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-laser buhlanganisa impumelelo yesimanje yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe njengobuchwepheshe be-CAD, ubuchwepheshe be-CNC, ubuchwepheshe be-laser nobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi ubuchwepheshe buhlanganisa ububanzi obubanzi. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinkampani zemishini yezolimo zenza amaphrojekthi okukhiqiza i-laser, kufanele zihlaziye izimo nezidingo zazo, zithintane nezinye izinkampani zemishini, zihlonze isiqondiso, zithole iphuzu lokuhlanganisa, ziqhubeke igxathu negxathu, futhi zigweme lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “i-one- isinyathelo”. Ngenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-laser bukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ayikho inkampani engakwazi ukukufeza ngesinyathelo esisodwa.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-laser ekukhiqizeni imishini yezolimo sekuye kwaduma kancane kancane emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi ngoba imboni ihlatshwa umxhwele ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-laser kanye nemiphumela yako yangempela. Ukwengeza, isizathu sokuntuleka kokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe be-laser ngaphambili ukuthi kwakungekho ukuvezwa okwanele kobuchwepheshe be-laser kanye nokuntuleka kokuzijwayeza. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi emishini yezolimo kufanele ethule futhi amunce imiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi evuthiwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, asebenzise kahle izikhungo zokucutshungulwa kwe-laser ezisebenzayo eziningi ezisungulwe embonini, futhi azenze zisebenzele amabhizinisi emishini yezolimo.
3. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ama-laser anamandla amakhulu kanye nemishini eyisizayo buye bathuthukiswa ngokwandayo, futhi ithiyori yabo eyisisekelo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buye bavuthwa ngokwandayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izisetshenziswa zokucubungula, intengo yama-lasers anamandla ayiphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-laser ekukhiqizeni imishini yezolimo kunezimo ezithile zangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimboni zezolimo, amandla ezinkampani zokukhiqiza ezolimo athuthukiswe kakhulu, futhi izidingo zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ziye zaba phezulu nangaphezulu, okunikeza ugqozi lwangaphakathi kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-laser emishinini yezolimo. ukukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-laser ekukhiqizeni imishini yezolimo kuyasebenza njengamanje. Kungabikezelwa ukuthi ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-laser kuzothuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokukhiqiza lemishini yezolimo.