I-tin bronze iyinto eyisisekelo yezingxenye ezigqokwayo futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezimboni. Kwahlaziywa ukwakheka kwe-metallographic kanye ne-energy spectrum ye-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze, kwathi i-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze powder yambozwa ku-42CrMo alloy steel substrate kusetshenziswa high-speed laser cladding inqubo yokwenza ukuhlolwa kwamandla okubopha. Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi ukuhlangana kwe-metallurgical kufinyelelwa phakathi kwe-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze kanye ne-42CrMo alloy steel substrate.

1. Isizinda socwaningo

I-tin bronze isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezimboni njengenye yezinto eziyisisekelo zokungqubuzana nokugqokwa kwezingxenye. Lezi zinto zifaneleka ngokukhethekile izimo zejubane eliphansi kanye nomthwalo osindayo. Amafomu amakhulu asetshenziswa kuma-sliding bearings ahlanganisa imikhono yensimbi eyodwa kanye nama-thrust bearings, imikhono ye-bimetal eyimpushana kanye nama-thrust bearings, imikhono ye-bimetal eyi-centrifugally cast kanye nama-thrust bearings, ukuphotha imikhono yensimbi eyodwa, i-powder metallurgy imikhono yensimbi eyodwa, njll. I-Laser cladding iyindawo esebenzayo. ukuqinisa nokukhiqiza kabusha ubuchwepheshe bokukhanda ngezinzuzo zokubopha okuhle ne-substrate, izinga eliphansi lokuhlanjululwa, kanye nendawo encane ethinteke ekushiseni. I-Laser cladding iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlanganisa amapharamitha amaningi. Amapharamitha anjengamandla e-laser, isivinini sokuskena nge-laser, isivinini sokuphakelwa kwempushana, kanye nobubanzi bendawo kubaluleke kakhulu ngekhwalithi yongqimba oluhlanganisiwe. Ukukhiqiza okungeziwe kwe-laser cladding kuye kwafundwa ezicini eziningi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, ekuhlanganisweni kwe-laser evamile, impushana imunca u-20% wamandla, izinga lokusebenzisa amandla liphansi, izinga lokuhlanjululwa ngu-5% ~ 15%, futhi umthamo wokucubungula olandelayo mkhulu ngemva kokuqedwa kokufakwa, kanye nezindleko zokucubungula. iphezulu. Ukuze kufakwe i-laser enesivinini esikhulu, impushana ingakwazi ukumunca u-80% wamandla, izinga lokusebenzisa amandla liphezulu, izinga lokuhlanjululwa lingaba ngaphansi kuka-3%, futhi umthamo wokucubungula olandelayo ube mncane ngemva kokuqedwa kokufakwa, kanye nokucubungula. izindleko ziphansi. Ubuchwepheshe be-laser cladding enesivinini esiphezulu noma ngisho nesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu buthuthukisa ukuncibilika kwefomu kanye nesilinganiso sokumuncwa kwamandla empushana, bukhuphule izinga lokubekwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi buthole ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, okungenasici, amandla okubopha okuphezulu, kanye ne-low- I-dilution rate cladding layer, enenzuzo kakhulu kune-laser cladding evamile. Inqubo yokulungiselela i-laser cladding enesivinini esikhulu isetshenziselwa ukulungisa ungqimba lwe-tin-bronze alloy substrate ye-steel shaft, engaxazulula inkinga yemibuthano egijimayo ebangelwa ukukhasa okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesikhathi eside phakathi komkhono we-shaft kanye nensimbi. i-substrate. Futhi ngemva kokuba ungqimba lwensimbi yethusi lwensimbi luhluleka, lungacutshungulwa futhi lususwe bese lugqokiswa kabusha ukuze kuzuzwe ukwenziwa kabusha. Njengamanje, kunezifundo ezimbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa ngokufakwa kwe-laser enesivinini esikhulu sempushana yethusi kathini kuma-substrates e-steel shaft. Umbhali usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-laser cladding enesivinini esiphezulu ukuze agqoke i-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze powder ku-42CrMo ingxubevange yensimbi substrate ukuze atadishe ukwakheka okuncane nokuhleleka kwento kanye namandla okubopha okukhulu kwensimbi yensimbi ekabili. Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi i-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze kanye ne-42CrMo alloy steel substrate izuze ukuhlangana kwe-metallurgical.

2 Ukulungiselela isampula

Ukuze ufunde ngokugcwele amandla okuhlangana kwempahla, amasampula ocwaningo alungiswa kuqala, okuhlanganisa amasampula endiza asetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukonakala kwezinto kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali eduze kwendawo yokuhlangana kwezinto, namasampuli ayindilinga asetshenziselwa ukuhlola amandla okubopha okubalulekile.

2.1 Ukulungiswa kwempuphu

Lapho usayizi wezinhlayiyana ugxiliswe kakhulu, iba ngcono isimo esiyindilinga, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kokwakheka okufanayo kwempushana esetshenziselwa ukuvala i-laser enesivinini esikhulu, kuba ngcono uketshezi lwempushana, kanye nokukhubazeka okumbalwa ngemva kokuhlanganisa, ikakhulukazi ukubopha. ebusweni, kuzoba namaphutha ambalwa. I-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze powder esetshenziswe umbhali itholakala ngenqubo ye-atomization yegesi. Umgomo uwukusebenzisa ukugeleza komoya okunesivinini esikhulu ukuhlephula uketshezi lwengxubevange yethusi lube amaconsi amancane, bese lupholisa ngokushesha ukuze kwakhe izinhlayiya zensimbi eziyindilinga. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ugxile kakhulu ku-50 ~ 150μm, futhi i-sphericity inhle, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Izinhlamvu ze-metallographic ngaphakathi kwe-tin bronze powder zilungile. Umfanekiso 2 (a) ubonisa iningi lamakristalu alinganayo, futhi Umfanekiso 2 (b) ubonisa ingxenye encane yama-dendrites. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kwe-cross-sectional energy spectrum ye-tin bronze powder kubonisa ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi zethusi, ithini, ne-nickel kufana ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi akukho ukuhlukaniswa okwenzekayo.

2.2 Ukulungiselela isampula

Ukulungiswa kwesampula kusebenzisa inqubo yokuvala i-laser enesivinini esikhulu, lapho umthombo wokukhanya wezinto zokusebenza ze-laser cladding kuyi-laser yefiber ene-laser wavelength engaba ngu-1.06μm namandla amakhulu angu-6kW. Ngemuva kokuthi i-laser ikhishwe kusixhumi se-fiber, iguqulwa ibe ukukhanya okuhambisanayo nge-lens ehlanganayo, bese igxila ngelensi egxilile ukuze igxilise amandla ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi insimbi iyancibilika ekugxilweni kwayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser cladding. I-coaxial annular gas carrier isetshenziselwa ukuletha impushana ngokulinganayo. Igesi yokulethwa kwempushana i-argon. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-argon isetshenziswa njengegesi evikelayo ukunciphisa i-oxidation yezinto ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-laser. Ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa okweqile okukhiqizwa i-laser ohlelweni lokuguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla okukhanya, futhi kukhishwe ingxenye yokushisa emuncwa ilensi ebonisa i-laser beam endleleni yangaphandle yangaphandle, isistimu yokupholisa amanzi ihlinzekwa i-laser.

Ugqinsi lwesendlalelo sokuvala ocwaningweni lombhali ngu-1.2mm, isivinini sokuvala singu-60~100mm/s, ububanzi bendawo bungu-2mm, inani lokuphakela ngempushana lingu-40~50g/min, futhi amandla e-laser angu-4500kW~4800kW.

Isampula yendiza elungiselelwe inqubo yokuvala i-laser enesivinini esikhulu iboniswa kuMfanekiso 3, osetshenziselwa ukukhombisa nokuhlaziya into eseduze nendawo ebophayo ye-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze kanye ne-42CrMo alloy steel substrate. Emsebenzini othize, kuyadingeka ukuthatha amasampula kusampula yendiza, bese ulungiselela isampula ukuze kuhlaziywe isakhiwo se-metallographic kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-spectrum yamandla. Isampula evamile yokuhlola amandla okubopha elungiswe inqubo ye-laser enesivinini esiphezulu iboniswa kuMfanekiso 4, osetshenziselwa ukunquma amandla okubopha phakathi kwe-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze kanye ne-42CrMo alloy steel substrate.

3 Ukulinganisa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezinto zokuvala nge-laser ezinesivinini esikhulu

3.1 Isakhiwo se-Metallographic

Isampula yafakwa ekuhlaziyweni kwe-metallographic. Imishini yokuhlaziya isebenzise i-ultra-deep of field microscope. Umfanekiso wesi-5 ubonisa i-microstructure morphology yesampula ngaphambi kokugqwala, futhi Umfanekiso wesi-6 ubonisa isakhiwo se-metallographic sesampula ngemva kokugqwala. Isixazululo esisetshenziselwa isampula yokugqwala sakhiwe ngengxube yezinto ezintathu: 10gFeCl, 6H, 0, 2mL isixazululo se-hydrochloric acid esinobukhulu obungu-1.16g/mL, kanye nesixazululo se-ethanol esingu-98mL esinengxenye yevolumu engu-95%. Kungabonakala kuMfanekiso 5 ukuthi ithusi le-CuSn12Ni2 elilungiswe yinqubo ye-laser cladding enesivinini esikhulu isenazo izimbotshana ezithile, futhi ubukhulu bembotshana obukhulukazi bungu-97.14μm. Kungabonwa Emfanekisweni 6 ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-metallographic yesampula ngemva kokugqwala ikakhulukazi ama-dendrites eduze nendawo ebophayo, futhi okusanhlamvu okulinganayo kwakhiwa ngokuyinhloko eduze kobuso be-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze. Isizathu esiyinhloko siwukuthi ukusondelana nobuso, izinga elikhulu lokupholisa ngokweqile, kuba lula ukwenza okusanhlamvu okulinganayo, futhi ukusondela kwendawo yokubopha, kuncane izinga lokupholisa okukhulu, okulungele ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu. izinhlamvu ze-dendrite.

3.2 Ukuhlaziywa kwe-spectrum yamandla

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa i-laser, inani elithile lezinto ku-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze lizongena ku-42CrMo ingxubevange yensimbi matrix futhi yakhe ibhondi yensimbi eduze nendawo yokubopha. Inhloso yokuhlaziywa kwe-spectrum yamandla endaweni ehlangeneyo ukuthi izinga lokuhlanjululwa kwe-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze aliphezulu, ngakho-ke inqubo inomthelela omncane ekwakhiweni nasezimpahleni zemishini ze-tinthusi. Nakuba izinga lokuhlanjululwa lingekho phezulu, inani elincane lezinto lingena ku-matrix yensimbi ye-alloy, okubonisa ukuthi ukubopha kwe-metallurgical kwenzeka eduze kwendawo yokubopha.

4 Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okubopha

Ngemuva kokuthi impahla yethusi ye-CuSn12Ni2 igqokwe ku-42CrMo ingxubevange yensimbi matrix ngenqubo ye-laser cladding enesivinini esikhulu, idinga ukuba namandla okubopha okuphezulu ne-matrix uma isetshenziswa njengongqimba okwehlisa ukungqubuzana nokumelana nokuguga kwesilayidi. ukuzala. Lokhu kungatholwa ngokulungisa imingcele yenqubo ye-laser cladding enesivinini esikhulu. Umbhali ulungiselele amasampula okuhlolwa kwamandla okubopha ngokwezinga likazwelonke le-GB/T12948-1991 “Indlela Yokuhlola Elimazayo Ye-Bimetallic Bond Strength of Sliding Bearings” futhi wenza ukuhlolwa kwamandla okubopha. Amandla okukhiqiza we-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze material ngu-140MPa~150MPa, futhi amandla aqinile ngu-260MPa~300MPa. Uma amandla okubopha engaphansi kwamandla esivuno, ukuphuka kuzokwenzeka endaweni yokubopha. Uma amandla okubopha ephakathi kwamandla esivuno namandla aqinile, ukuphuka kusazokwenzeka endaweni ebophayo, kodwa umzimba wethusi we-CuSn12 usuvele ukhiqizile. Uma amandla okubopha emakhulu kunamandla aqinile, ukuphuka kuzokwenzeka kumzimba wento yethusi we-CuSn12Ni2. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwamandla okubopha kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 8, futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 9. Njengoba kungabonakala kuMfanekiso 9, amandla okubopha avamile amasampula amabili ngemva kokuhlolwa angu-429.5MPa kanye no-326.6MPa, ngokulandelana, zikhulu kunamandla aqinile wento esebenzayo, okubonisa ukuthi amandla okubopha indawo yokubopha adlula amandla aqinile we-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze. Indawo ephukile yesampula yaziwa kusukela ekuhlolweni ukuthi iwumzimba wethusi we-CuSn12Ni2, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 10, ophinde oqinisekise ukuthi amandla okubopha indawo yokubopha adlula amandla aqinile we-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamandla okubopha iphinde ibonise ukuthi i-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze kanye ne-42CrMo alloy steel matrix ine-metallurgical bonding.

Isiphetho se-5

Umbhali utadishe ukusebenza kwebhondi ye-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze kanye ne-alloy matrix yensimbi elungiswe inqubo ye-laser cladding enesivinini esikhulu, futhi wathola ukuthi i-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze kanye ne-42CrMo alloy steel matrix ikhiqiza i-metallurgical bonding.

Eduze kwendawo ehlangeneyo, i-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze ikakhulukazi i-dendrites. Eduze kwendawo ye-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze, amakristalu e-equiaxed akhona ikakhulukazi. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukupholisa okungaphansi eduze kwendawo yokubopha kuncane futhi ukupholisa okungaphansi kungaphezulu kukhulu.

Izinga lokuhlanjululwa kwe-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze ngenqubo ye-laser cladding enesivinini esikhulu aliphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke le nqubo inomthelela omncane ekwakhiweni nasezicini eziwumshini zethusi lethayela.

Lapho amapharamitha wenqubo yokuvala i-laser enesivinini esikhulu elungiswa abe yimingcele efanele, amandla okubopha indawo yokubopha angadlula amandla aqinile we-CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze.