Indlela ye-cross orthogonal stacking yayisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-multi-layer kunye ne-multi-pass i-laser wire cladding kwi-20 mm ubukhulu be-Q345B ipleyiti yensimbi ye-carbon ephantsi, kunye ne-macroscopic morphology, i-microstructure, ukubunjwa kwesigaba, ukuqina kwe-microhardness kunye nokumelana nokubola kwe-cladding layer. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-cladding layer efunyenwe yi-multi-layer kunye ne-multi-pass pass laser yokuzaliswa kwe-laser inokwakheka okulungileyo kwe-macroscopic kwaye akukho ziphene ezicacileyo ezifana neepores kunye nokuqhekeka; umaleko wokugquma wenziwa ikakhulu indawo yokugquma, indawo edibeneyo, ukutshintshwa kwesigaba sokutshintsha indawo echaphazelekayo, indawo yokudibanisa kunye nendawo echaphazelekayo yobushushu; Ulwakhiwo lwempahla yomzali ikakhulu yi-ferrite kunye ne-pearlite, kunye ne-cladding layer microstructure ikakhulu i-ferrite, i-widmanstatten kunye ne-martensite; ngenxa yempembelelo ye-microstructure kunye nobukhulu beenkozo, ubulukhuni be-cladding layer bunyathelwe ngokubanzi, kunye nobunzima obuqhelekileyo bomgangatho we-cladding yi-320.13 HV, engaphezulu kweyona nto yomzali; kwisisombululo se-3.5% se-NaCl, i-polarization curve ye-cladding layer ibonisa ummandla we-passivation, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwayo kwe-corrosion kungcono kunento yomzali. I-multi-layer kunye ne-multi-pass multi-pass laser yokuzalisa i-laser yokuzalisa inkqubo inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokulungiselela iileya zokugquma kubunjineli bokwenene.
Amagama angundoqo: Q345B intsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni; i-laser wire cladding; umnqamlezo we-orthogonal stacking; microstructure kunye neempawu

Ngophuhliso loqoqosho kunye noluntu, imfuno yelizwe lam ye-oyile yaselwandle kunye nemithombo yegesi iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ukugxila ekuhloleni nasekuphuhliseni ubutyebi baselwandle yimfuneko ebonakalayo yophuhliso loshishino lwepetroleum yelizwe lam [1-2]. Ngenxa yobume benkonzo entsonkothileyo yezakhiwo zobunjineli baselwandle, zichaphazeleka ngakumbi kumonakalo kunezakhiwo zemveli. Ke ngoko, ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla kwezixhobo zobunjineli baselwandle kuye kwaba ngumba ophambili ekufuneka usonjululwe ngokukhawuleza [3]. Intsimbi ye-Q345B yintsimbi ephantsi-i-alloy ephezulu-yomelele eneempawu ezintle ezibanzi kunye ne-weldability egqwesileyo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kubunjineli baselwandle kunye nokwakhiwa kwebhulorho [4].

Njengobuchwephesha obuphezulu bokukhusela kunye nokulungiswa kwe-coating, i-laser cladding inikeza inkqubo esebenzayo yokubumba i-net-shape yokubumba i-high-precision correction of the key parts kunye nokulungiswa kweengubo ezinempahla engaphezulu [5]. Ngexesha le-multi-layer kunye ne-multi-pass-cladding process, imimandla echaphazelekayo yokushisa ye-welds esondeleyo idibanisa, yenze iindawo eziye zatyhubela imijikelo emibini okanye ngaphezulu ye-thermal. I-microstructure yale mimandla inzima kakhulu [6], kunye nesigaba sokubunjwa kwe-microstructure, ireyithi ye-recrystallization, i-precipitate scale kunye ne-inclusion morphology itshintsha ngokuqhubekayo kuyo yonke inkqubo [7]. Ngoko ke, ngexesha le-multi-layer kunye ne-multi-pass-cladding process, kudla ngokubakho iindawo ezibuthathaka kwindawo yokugquma, enokuthi iphumelele ukungaphumeleli ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ngokomzekelo, i-electrolytic corrosion kunye ne-stress corrosion ihlala ibonwa kufuphi neendawo ezidibeneyo zoxinzelelo lwemithwalo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa [8].

Wu et al. [9] esetyenzisiweyo itekhnoloji yokuvala i-laser ukulungiselela i-Mo2NiB2 eqhubekayo kunye ne-dense yokugubungela umaleko kwi-substrate yensimbi. Ukugquma kunobunzima obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, kuphucula ukusebenza kwe-substrate, kwaye iqinisekisa inkonzo ekhuselekileyo kunye nezinzile yezixhobo zobunjineli baselwandle. Li et al. [10] isetyenzisiwe i-laser wire cladding ukulungisa iindawo ezigqwesileyo ze-316L zensimbi engenasici kwaye ifumene i-multi-layer multi-pass cladding layer ye-308L yensimbi engenasici. I-coating ikakhulu yenziwe nge-austenite kunye nenani elincinci le-ferrite, elinamandla okuqina kunye nokuphakama kwe-548MPa kunye ne-40%, ngokulandelanayo, malunga ne-86% kunye ne-74% ye-substrate.

Kweli phepha, iteknoloji yokugquma ucingo lwelaser isetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-Q345B i-laser cladding layer ngokubeka umnqamlezo we-orthogonal. I-macroscopic morphology, i-microstructure, ukubunjwa kwesigaba, i-microhardness kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola kwe-multi-layer multi-pass cladding layer iyafundwa, ebonelela ngesiseko sokulungiswa kwendawo yezakhiwo zobunjineli baselwandle.

1 Umfuniselo we-Laser wire cladding

1.1 Izixhobo zovavanyo

I-substrate material yovavanyo yi-Q345B carbon steel, kunye ne-wire cladding material yi-AFEW6-86 i-alloy steel wire kunye nobubanzi be-1.2 mm. Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kwezi zimbini kuboniswe kwiThebhile 1.

1.2 Inkqubo yokufakwa kweentambo ezininzi ze-laser kunye ne-multi-pass wire cladding
Kwizicelo zangempela zobunjineli, i-workpiece iya kuchaphazeleka ngamandla kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokusebenza, ngoko ke impembelelo ye-anisotropy kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo ye-anisotropy, indlela ye-cladding layer icwangcisiwe, isalathiso esongezelelweyo se-welds kumaleko afanayo siyahambelana, izikhokelo ze-welds kwi-stacking layers ezimeleneyo zi-perpendicular enye kwenye, kwaye iileya zihambelana. i-orthogonal. Indlela yayo yokupakisha i-cross-orthogonal iboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.

Ngexesha lovavanyo lokugquma, irhasi ekhuselayo yigesi ye-argon ecocekileyo enobunyulu begesi ye-99.99%. Okokuqala, umfuniselo we-orthogonal wenziwa kusetyenziswa indlela yokudibanisa i-single-layer ye-single-pass yokuphonononga iiparamitha zenkqubo efanelekileyo yokugquma i-single-pass cladding; emva koko, i-multi-layer ye-single-pass stacking method yasetyenziselwa ukufunda impembelelo yokuphakama kokuphakama phakathi kweengqimba kumgangatho wokwenza i-weld, kunye ne-multi-layer-single-pass weld kunye ne-cladding ethe tye kunye nesiphumo esihle sokwenza yafunyanwa. Ngokusekelwe koku kungasentla, impembelelo yamazinga ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo kumgangatho wokwenza i-cladding layer yaphononongwa, kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba xa izinga lokuhlangana lalingama-40%, ukuphakama phakathi kokupasa ngakunye kwe-cladding layer kwakufana ngokufanayo. ukubunjwa komphezulu kwakuthe tyaba, kwaye i-metallurgical bonding phakathi kokudlula nganye yayiyeyona inamandla. Ukuphakama kokuphakama phakathi kweengqimba zokulinga ngu-0.8 mm nganye kwimigangatho emibini yokuqala kunye ne-0.7 mm nganye yemigangatho elandelayo. Iiparamitha ezithile zovavanyo ziboniswa kwiThebhile 2.

1.3 Uhlalutyo kunye nendlela yokuvavanya i-cladding layer
Ukusika ucingo kwakusetyenziselwa ukusika iisampulu ze-metallographic ukusuka kuluhlu olulungisiweyo lwe-multi-layer kunye ne-multi-pass cladding layer. Umphezulu wesampulu wawuphantsi emva kokuba ufakwe kwi-epoxy resin kwiqondo lokushisa. I-sandpaper enoburhabaxa obahlukeneyo yayisetyenziselwa ukupolisha de kungabikho mikrwelo eseleyo. Emva koko, isampuli yapholiswa ngomatshini wokupholisa ukuze ufumane i-metallographic isampuli yecandelo lomnqamlezo kunye nesiphumo sesibuko. Isampulu idliwe kunye ne-4% yesisombululo sotywala se-nitric acid ukukhupha ujongano olubonakalayo lwe-cladding, ihlanjululwe ngotywala kwaye ivuthelwe yome, kunye ne-microstructure yesampuli yabonwa nge-metallographic microscope; ukubunjwa kwesigaba kunye ne-evolution ye-cladding layer yaskenwa kwaye yahlalutywa kuluhlu lwe-30 ° ~ 100 ° usebenzisa iteknoloji ye-X-ray diffraction; uhlalutyo lwento yeekhemikhali zomaleko wokugquma lwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-spectrometer yamandla; i-microhardness yeendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-cladding layer cross section yavavanywa kusetyenziswa i-HVS-1000Z Vickers tester hardness; i-polarization curves kunye ne-impedance spectra ye-cladding layer kunye nezinto zomzali zavavanywa kwisisombululo se-3.5% se-NaCl kusetyenziswa i-VersaSTAT 3F ye-electrochemical workstation ene-calomel electrode egcweleyo njenge-electrode yereferensi kunye ne-electrode yeplatinam njenge-electrode encedisayo, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. yathelekisa yahlalutywa.

2 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo
2.1 Uhlalutyo lwe-macromorphology ye-cladding layer
I-laser wire-filled cladding layer yalungiswa ngovavanyo lwe-cross-orthogonal stacking ye-29 (ubude) × 15 (ububanzi) × i-12 layers (ubude). Umaleko wokugquma unesiphumo esihle sokubumba, umphezulu ogudileyo, akukho ziphene ezinkulu ezifana nokuqhekeka kunye nokungaxutywanga, kunye nokuphakama okuthe nkqo okucacileyo. I-macroscopic morphology ye-cladding layer iboniswe kuMzobo 2. Ngexesha le-multi-layer multi-pass multi-pass wire cladding experiment, inkqubo yokugquma yomaleko wokugqibela iya kuvelisa i-remelting reaction on the previous cladding layer, ibangele ukuhamba okuhla ezantsi. umgca we-cladding layer. Ngelo xesha, ngexesha lenkqubo yokugquma, ngenxa yokulibaziseka okuthile kwimiyalelo yokuqala kunye nokuphela kwemveliso yokukhanya kwe-laser, ukuphakama komda we-cladding layer kuya kuba ngaphantsi kancinane kunenxalenye ephakathi.

Umzobo we-3 ubonisa i-morphology ye-cross-sectional ye-multi-layer multi-pass laser cladding layer. Akukho ziphene ezifana ne-pores, ii-cracks kunye ne-inclusions ezifunyenweyo. I-dense metallurgical bond yenziwa phakathi kwentsimbi yokugquma kunye nesiseko sezinto. Kwakukho ukuphakama okuthe nkqo okucacileyo, kwaye ubukhulu bomgangatho we-cladding yi-11.5 mm.

2.2 Uhlalutyo lwe-Microstructure ye-cladding layer
Ukupholisa i-welding pool yinkqubo yokutshintsha kwesigaba, kwaye i-microstructure yenguqu yesigaba ixhomekeke kukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neemeko zokupholisa zentsimbi ye-weld [11]. I-microstructure yendawo nganye ye-cladding layer yabonwa kusetyenziswa imakroskopu ye-metallographic, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMzobo 4. Umaleko wokugquma ubandakanya indawo yokugquma (indawo egqunyiweyo, i-CZ), indawo yokwaleka (indawo ene-ovelapped, i-OZ), isigaba ummandla ochaphazelekayo wenguqu (ummandla wenguqu ochaphazelekayo, indawo ye-PAZ), indawo yokudityaniswa (indawo edityanisiweyo, FZ), indawo echaphazelekayo yobushushu (indawo echaphazelekayo yobushushu, HAZ) kunye isiseko sesinyithi (isiseko sesinyithi, BM) [12]. Isiseko se-microstructure sesinyithi siqulunqwe ikakhulu nge-ferrite kunye nenani elincinci le-pearlite. Into ephambili uMn eyongeziweyo kwi-Q345B yensimbi ayinayo kuphela impembelelo enkulu yokomeleza kwi-ferrite, kodwa inciphisa ukushisa kwenguqu ye-toughness-brittleness, inyusa inani le-pearlite, kwaye iphucula amandla e-pearlite.

Umzobo 4 (a) ubonisa i-microstructure yendawo yokugquma ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugquma, eyenziwe nge-lath kunye ne-ferrite efana nenaliti, i-widmanstatten kunye nenani elincinci le-lath martensite. Ngenxa yoluhlu oluhlukeneyo, i-cladding layer nganye iya kuvelisa i-tempering kwi-maleko yangaphambili, okubangela ukucocwa kweenkozo ezifanayo kunye nemida ecacileyo yeenkozo; Amanani 4 (b) kunye (b-1) abonisa i-microstructure yendawo yokudibanisa, eyenziwe nge-ferrite kunye ne-widmanstatten kunye nokusabalalisa okuziinkozo okungalinganiyo; Umzobo we-4 (d) ubonisa i-microstructure yendawo edibeneyo yee-welds ezimbini ngaphakathi kwe-cladding layer. Indawo eqaqambileyo emfanekisweni ngumgca wokudibanisa phakathi kwee-welds ezimbini. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa, ichibi elityhidiweyo liya kwenza i-columnar ferrite ecaleni kwendlela yokuchitha ubushushu. Ngoko ke, le ndawo iqulunqwe ngokukodwa nge-columnar ferrite kunye nenani elincinci le-pearlite, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 4 (d-1). Ngenxa yesenzo esiphindwe kabini se-thermal, indawo edibeneyo inokulungiswa kwengqolowa efanayo; Umzobo 4 (d-2) ngummandla ochaphazelekayo wenguqu, owenziwe ikakhulu yiferrite kunye neWidmanstatten. Ngenxa yefuthe lobushushu benguqu yesigaba, ubungakanani beenkozo zalo mmandla bukhulu kancinane kunobo bendawo ethelelanayo; Umzobo we-4 (e-1) yi-microstructure yendawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa. Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-welding, indawo engaphantsi kwe-cladding iyancipha, eyenza isakhiwo salo mmandla sihlanjululwe kunye neyunifomu yokusabalalisa okuziinkozo. Ikakhulu iqulethwe yi-ferrite ecocekileyo kunye nenani elincinci le-pearlite. I-ferrite ene-fine-grained yimveliso yokuguqulwa phakathi kwe-ferrite kunye ne-bainite. I-microstructure enenzuzo kwinkqubo ye-welding metallurgical [11].

Umzobo we-5 yi-microstructure ye-cladding layer yokugqibela. Lo maleko awufakwanga kwi-laser yesibini yokufudumeza. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iileya, inokugcina i-morphology yesakhiwo sokuqala. Ubungakanani bayo beenkozo bufana kwaye isakhiwo sixinene. Ubukhulu becala yenziwe yiferrite, Widmanstatten kunye nelath martensite.

2.3 Uhlalutyo lwe-XRD kunye ne-EDS ye-cladding layer
Ukuze uhlalutye ukubunjwa kwesigaba se-laser cladding layer, isampuli enobungakanani be-10 mm × 10 mm × 8 mm yanqunyulwa ngocingo lokusika, kwaye uhlalutyo lwe-X-ray lwe-diffraction lwenziwa emva kokusila kunye nokupolisha. Umzobo we-6 ubonisa i-XRD spectrum ye-multi-layer multi-pass laser cladding layer kunye nempahla yomzali. Ukudibanisa i-microstructure kunye neziphumo ze-XRD ze-spectrum, kunokubonwa ukuba i-cladding layer iqulunqwe ngokuyininzi i-ferrite enkulu, inxalenye ye-martensite kunye ne-widmanstattenite, kwaye akukho zigaba ezinobungozi ezivelayo. Ekubeni i-columnar ferrite iya kwenziwa kwinkqubo yokupholisa ye-laser cladding pool etyhidiweyo, i-cladding layer iqulethe isixa esikhulu se-ferrite. Xa igalelo lobushushu belaser likhulu ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, i-microstructure ye-cladding layer iya kukhwela kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye ubungakanani beenkozo buya kwanda. Ngeli xesha, isakhiwo siya kubonakala sigqithise i-widmanstattenite kunye ne-lath martensite, kwaye ezo zakhiwo zimbini ziphazamisekile.

Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kuhlalutywe ngokukhangela amanqaku kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zecandelo lomnqamlezo wesampuli. Izikhundla zokuskena amanqaku ziboniswe kuMfanekiso we-7, kwaye iziphumo zohlalutyo lwe-EDS zeendawo ezahlukeneyo ziboniswe kwiThebhile 3. Ngenxa yomxholo ophezulu we-Cr kunye ne-Ni izinto kwi-welding wire, umxholo we-Cr kunye ne-Ni we-cladding layer ibaluleke kakhulu. phezulu kunoko kwemathiriyeli yomzali, okwenza ukuxhathisa umhlwa komaleko wokugquma kube ngcono kunoko kwemathiriyeli yomzali.

2.4 Uhlalutyo lwe-Microhardness ye-cladding layer
Ubulukhuni besampulu bulinganiswe. Ngethuba lovavanyo, umthwalo wawuyi-1000 g, ixesha lokubamba laliyi-10 s, indlela yokulinganisa yayihamba kwicala elivela kwizinto zomzali ukuya kwindawo yokugubungela, kwaye ikhefu phakathi kwamanqaku amabini asondeleyo ayesampulu yayiyi-1 mm. Ukuhanjiswa kobunzima obuncinci ukusuka kwisixhobo somzali ukuya kwindawo yokugquma kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 8. Umyinge we-microhardness yezinto zomzali yi-172.02 HV, kunye ne-avareji ye-microhardness ye-cladding layer yi-320.13 HV. I-microstructure ye-cladding layer yokugqibela iqulethe inani elikhulu le-ferrite, i-widmanstattenite kunye nenani elincinci le-lath martensite kunye ne-pearlite. Ixabiso lobunzima bale ndawo ye-microstructure yeyona iphakamileyo, eyi-325.92HV. Ubulukhuni obuqhelekileyo bomaleko wokugquma buphezulu kakhulu kunobo bezinto zomzali, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla okulungisa. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 8, ubunzima bendawo yokugquma ngokuqhelekileyo busasazwa ngendlela efana nenyathelo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwinkqubo yokuzaliswa kwe-multi-layer kunye ne-multi-pass laser wire, i-cladding layer nganye iya kuba nefuthe le-post-heating tempering kwi-layer yangaphambili ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakheka, kunye nefuthe lokufudumala kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Uluhlu lokugqibela lwe-cladding lunomphumo wokufudumala ngaphandle kokutshisa emva kokufudumala, okukhuthaza ukucocwa kweenkozo ezifanayo kunye nokuphucula kakhulu ubulukhuni.

2.5 Uhlalutyo lokunganyangeki kwe-corrosion ye-cladding layer
Uninzi lwentsimbi yentsimbi lwenziwa ngendlela ye-electrochemical corrosion, kwaye inkqubo ye-corrosion ihamba kunye nesizukulwana sangoku, njengebhetri ephambili [13-14]. Ukuze uvavanye ukusebenza kwe-electrochemical corrosion ye-multi-layer kunye ne-multi-pass cladding layer, i-specimen ifakwe kwi-3.5% yesisombululo se-NaCl ukuvavanya i-curve ye-polarization ye-Tafel kunye ne-impedance spectrum.

I-polarization curves ye-cladding layer kunye ne-base material iboniswe kwi-Figure 9. Ingabonwa ukuba i-polarization curve ye-cladding layer inommandla we-passivation, ebonisa ukuba ifilimu ye-oxide ye-dense yenziwe phezu kwendawo yokulala ngexesha. inkqubo yomhlwa. Izinto ezifana ne-Cr, i-Ni, kunye ne-Si kwifilimu ye-oxide ziphucula ukuzinza kwe-passivation, zithintela ukusasazwa kwee-ion, kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion. I-self-corrosion enokuthi i-Ecorr kunye ne-self-corrosion ye-self-corrosion yangoku ye-Icorr ye-cladding layer kunye nezinto ezisisiseko zifunyenwe ngokufakela idatha, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiThebhile 4. I-self-corrosion enokubakho i-Ecorr yesinyithi kwisisombululo se-electrolyte ibonisa uvakalelo lwayo i-corrosion kwaye isalathiso sokuchasana kwezinto kwi-electrochemical corrosion. Incinci i-self-corrosion potential, kulula ukuba isinyithi silahlekelwe yi-electron kwaye buthathaka ukuxhathisa ukubola; ubukhulu besakhono sokuzitshabalalisa, kokukhona kuba nzima ukuba isinyithi siphulukane neeelektroni kwaye kokukhona sinamandla okuxhathisa umhlwa[14]. Njengoko kunokubonwa kwiThebhile yesi-4, ukukwazi ukuzinza kwe-corrosion layer iphezulu kuneyona nto isisiseko, ebonisa ukuba i-cladding layer inokumelana nokugqwala okuqinileyo. I-self-corrosion yangoku ingxinano ye-Icorr ilingana nezinga lokutya. Ubukhulu be-corrosion yangoku, ngokukhawuleza ukukhawuleza kwesantya se-corrosion ye-corrosion ye-corrosion kunye ne-corrosion resistance. Njengoko kunokubonwa kwidatha kwiThebhile 4, i-self-corrosion current of the material base iphezulu kunoluhlu lwe-cladding, ebonisa ukuba ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yezinto ezisisiseko kubi. Ngoko ke, ngokuthelekisa ubungakanani be-self-corrosion potential and self-corrosion current, kunokugqitywa ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kwe-corrosion ye-cladding layer ingcono kuneyona nto isiseko.

Umaleko wokugquma kunye nesiseko sezinto zavavanywa nge-impedance spectroscopy (EIS), kunye ne-impedance spectrum ye-Nyquist plots zeesampulu ezimbini ziboniswe kuMfanekiso 10. Z' kunye no-Z "ziindawo zokwenyani kunye nentelekelelo ye-impedance elinganiselweyo Z, ngokulandelelanayo. . Zombini umaleko wokugquma kunye nesiseko sezinto zibonakalisa uphawu olulodwa lwe-arc capacitive. Inkulu i-capacitive arc radius, kokukhona i-impedance iyonke yesampulu kwaye inamandla okumelana nomhlwa. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 10, i-capacitive arc radius ye-cladding layer inkulu kakhulu kuneyona nto isisiseko. Ngoko ke, ukuxhathisa kwe-polarization ye-cladding layer inkulu, ebonisa ukuba izinga lokubola kwe-cladding layer liphantsi kwaye ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion kunamandla, okuhambelana neziphumo ze-dynamics ze-polarization curve.

Isishwankathelo, ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion ye-cladding layer kungcono kunento yesiseko. Okokuqala, i-cladding material isebenzisa i-AFEW6-86 i-welding wire, enomxholo ophezulu we-Cr kunye ne-Ni ngaphezu kwezinto ezisisiseko, ukwenzela ukuba i-cladding layer inokumelana ne-oxidation ephezulu kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Kwindawo emdaka, xa i-Cr isabela kunye nezinto ze-O, umaleko wefilimu ye-oxide enganyangekiyo iya kwenziwa phezu komhlaba, eya kwahlula umphezulu wesinyithi kwindawo emdaka, inciphise inkqubo yokuchithwa kwe-anode, kwaye inciphise ukunyibilika. izinga lentsimbi yokugquma, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion ye-cladding layer. Ukumelana nokubola kuphuculwe [15-16]. Isizathu sesibini kukuba ubungakanani besayizi yengqolowa kwi-cladding layer ifana kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwegalelo lobushushu.

Isiphelo se-3
(1) Umaleko wokugquma ofunyenwe luluhlu oluninzi kunye nokupasa okuninzi inkqubo welding laser inokwakheka okuhle kwe-macroscopic, akukho ziphene ezicacileyo ezifana neepores kunye neentanda, kwaye i-metallurgical bond elungileyo yenziwa phakathi kwe-cladding layer kunye nezinto zomzali. Kukho imfumba ebalulekileyo ethe nkqo, kwaye ubukhulu bomaleko wokugquma yi-11.5mm.
(2) Umaleko wokugquma wenziwa ikakhulu ngeferrite, widmanstatten kunye nelath martensite. Umxholo we-Cr kunye no-Ni kumaleko wokugquma uphezulu kunoko kwimathiriyeli yomzali. Izinto ze-Cr kunye ne-Ni ziphucula ukuzinza kwefilimu ye-passivation, zithintela ukusasazwa kwee-ion, kwaye ziphucule ukuxhathisa kwe-oxidation kunye nokumelana nokubola kwe-cladding layer. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokwanda kwegalelo lobushushu, ubungakanani besayizi yokwabiwa kweenkozo kuluhlu lwe-cladding lufana kakhulu, ngoko ke ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion ye-cladding layer kungcono kunento yomzali.
(3) Ubulukhuni obuqhelekileyo bezinto zomzali ngu-172.02HV, kwaye umyinge wobulukhuni be-cladding layer yi-320.13HV, ukuqina kwe-cladding layer iphezulu kakhulu kunoko kwezinto zomzali. Ngenxa yempembelelo ye-microstructure kunye nobukhulu bengqolowa, ubunzima bendawo yokugquma bubonisa ukuhanjiswa okufana nesinyathelo ngokubanzi.