Eli nqaku liphonononga inkqubela yophando lwe-laser cladding technology, egubungela imigaqo esisiseko ye-laser cladding, ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ulawulo lwepharamitha yenkqubo, ukucwangciswa kwezixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezoshishino. I-Laser cladding inamathuba amahle okusebenza ekuphuculeni ukusebenza komphezulu wezixhobo ngenxa yendawo encinci echatshazelwe ngubushushu kunye namandla okudibanisa okuphezulu. Eli nqaku lichaza indlela yokukhethwa kwezinto zokugubungela i-laser, uphando kunye nesimo sophuhliso lwesinyithi / i-ceramic / izinto ezidibeneyo, ihlalutya isicwangciso sokuphucula i-laser / i-scanning / i-parameters yokukhusela igesi, ixoxa ngesikhokelo sophuhliso lwezixhobo ezifana ne-laser / nozzles / control. iisistim, kwaye idwelisa imizekelo yesicelo kwi-aerospace, imoto, isinyithi kunye nezinye iindawo. Ukwenziwa ngokutsha okungaphezulu kobuchwepheshe be-laser cladding kunye nezixhobo ziya kukhuthaza indima ebalulekileyo yale teknoloji ekunciphiseni iindleko zomjikelo wobomi kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kwemveliso.

Itekhnoloji yokugquma iLaser yitekhnoloji esebenzisa i-laser enamandla kakhulu njengomthombo wobushushu ukunyibilikisa izinto zokugquma kwaye emva koko uyibeke kumphezulu wezinto zokugquma ukuvelisa umaleko wokugquma. Xa kuthelekiswa netekhnoloji yesigqubuthelo somgquba, i-laser cladding ineengenelo zezowuni encinci echatshazelwe ngubushushu, ukomelela okuphezulu kwebhondi, kwaye phantse akukho pretreatment yemathiriyeli yokugquma, enokufikelela ukulungiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwendawo. I-laser cladding layer inesakhiwo se-gradient kunye ne-substrate, eyenza ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kunye nokuphucula amandla okudibanisa. Ekubeni iteknoloji yokugquma i-laser yacetywa ngeminyaka yoo-1960, ngophuhliso lobuchwepheshe belaser kunye nesayensi yezinto, iye yaba bubugcisa obuphambili obusetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkalo yobunjineli bomphezulu.

Xa kuthelekiswa nokufakwa kwetotshi yegesi, i-laser cladding inommandla omncinci ochatshazelwe bubushushu, uxinzelelo oluncinci lwentsalela, kunye nefuthe elincinci lobushushu kwi-substrate. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-plasma yokutshiza, i-laser cladding layer idityaniswe ngokuqinileyo kwi-substrate kwaye inamandla amakhulu okudibanisa. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-electron beam cladding, i-laser cladding inokusebenza ngaphandle kwe-vacuum kwaye kulula ukuzenzekelayo. Ngokubanzi, i-laser cladding idibanisa izibonelelo zoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu, ukungqubana okuqinileyo, kunye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu kolawulo lweelaser ngexesha lenkqubo yokugquma, kuyenza ibe nezinto eziluncedo ezicacileyo kuhlengahlengiso lomphezulu wezinto.

Itekhnoloji yokugquma iLaser inokwenza itekhnoloji yokwaleka kunye nokwakheka okuthe ngqo kunye neepropathi kumphezulu wesinyithi okanye izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi, kwaye ifezekiseke ukuxhathisa okukodwa, ukuxhathisa ukugqwala, ukumelana ne-oxidation, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokudinwa kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi yendawo. , eyandisa kakhulu uluhlu lwesicelo sezinto eziphathekayo. Itekhnoloji yokugquma iLaser isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumashishini amaninzi anje nge-aerospace, iimoto, ukubumba, isinyithi, oomatshini, iikhemikhali, i-photovoltaics, i-biomedicine, njl., ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nobomi.

1 Uphando malunga nezixhobo zokugquma i-laser

1.1 Ukukhethwa kunye neempawu zezixhobo zokugubungela i-laser
Ukukhetha izixhobo zokugquma ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile ekufumaneni iileya zokugquma ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokubanzi, ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwelaser kuyafuneka, kwaye iiparamitha ezinjengendawo yokunyibilika, ingxinano, i-diffusivity, kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lwezinto ziyaqwalaselwa. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-powders yensimbi (i-cobalt-based, i-nickel-based, njl.), i-powders ye-ceramic (i-aluminium oxide, i-silicon carbide, njl.), kunye ne-pre-alloyed compounds okanye imixube eyenziwe ngezinto ezingentla. Izinto ezisebenzayo zegradient nazo zingayilwa kusetyenziswa izinto ezahlukeneyo.

Ukongeza ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-laser yokufunxa, izixhobo zokugquma nazo kufuneka zibe nendawo yokunyibilika ephakathi, uzinzo oluphezulu, ukumanzisa okuhle kunye nokudibanisa i-metallurgical kunye ne-substrate. Izinto zokugquma isinyithi zinokubonelela nge-ductility elungileyo kunye noxinaniso, ngelixa izinto zokugquma i-ceramic zinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali. Ngokukhetha ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo, umaleko odibeneyo wokugquma oneempawu ezininzi unokufumaneka.

1.2 Imisebenzi kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo ze-laser cladding
Ngokukhetha izinto ezahlukeneyo zokugquma i-laser, ubulukhuni obubalaseleyo, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuxhathisa ukudinwa kwe-thermal, ukumelana ne-oxidation, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuhambelana kwe-biocompatibility, njl. njl. Ukusebenza kwe-cladding layer inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nezinto ezifana nokubunjwa kwezinto kunye nobukhulu bamacandelo, i-laser process parameters, njl. ngazo zombini isinyithi kunye nobunzima obuphezulu be-ceramic bunokufumaneka. Ukusebenzisa i-Inconel 718 i-alloy alloy materials, i-high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant kunye ne-oxidation-resistant cladding layer inokufumaneka. Izixhobo zokugquma i-Boron nitride zinokubonelela ngobulukhuni bomphezulu obuphezulu. Izixhobo zokugquma i-Titanium alloy zinokufumana iileya ezigqwesileyo ezihambelana ne-biocompatible.

1.3 Ubume bophando kunye nentsingiselo yophuhliso lwezixhobo zokugquma ngelaser
Ukubunjwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwe-laser cladding yinto ebaluleke kakhulu echaphazela ukusebenza kweengubo zokugqoka. Njengoko indawo yokusetyenziswa kweendawo zobunjineli iya iba nzima ngakumbi kwaye ilukhuni, imisebenzi yokugquma iyafuneka ukuba yahluke kwaye intsebenzo iya ibangcono kwaye ibengcono. Ngoko ke, into enye yokugquma ayinakukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesicelo. I-composite yezinto zokugqoka ibe yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuba abantu basombulule le ngxaki.

Okwangoku, iifomyula zezinto eziphathekayo ze-laser eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zezi: izixhobo zokuzikhupha, ukuchithwa kwe-carbide okanye izinto ezidibeneyo, izinto ezidibeneyo ze-ceramic, njl. isetyenziswa kakhulu kwisinyithi, izixhobo zaselwandle, i-aerospace, amandla enyukliya kunye namanye amacandelo. Ke ngoko, uphando malunga neefomyula zezixhobo ze-laser lufumene ingqwalasela ethe kratya kubaphengululi basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.

Kumazwe ngamazwe, uphando malunga nezixhobo zokugquma isinyithi semveli ezifana ne-nickel-based, i-cobalt-based, kunye ne-titanium-based alloys sele ikhulile, kwaye okwangoku izinikele ekuphuhliseni i-alloys ephezulu yobushushu kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzayo zegradient. Iimathiriyeli ze-ceramic zesiqhelo ezifana ne-alumina kunye ne-silicon nitride zinomsebenzi ozinzile. Uphando olukhoyo luphonononga ubushushu obuphezulu be-oxidation-resistant composite zeceramic. Kukho izifundo ezininzi malunga nezixhobo zokugquma i-metal-ceramic composite, ezinenzuzo yokuqina kwesinyithi kunye nobunzima be-ceramic, kwaye kukho neenzame zokusebenzisa izinto ezisebenzayo kwintsimi yezonyango. Amazwe ahambele phambili kwezobuchwephesha afana neYurophu, iMelika, iJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea aqhube uphando kwitekhnoloji yokuvala i-laser ngaphambili. Phakathi kwabo, iFraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology eJamani iqhube uphando olusisiseko kwi-laser cladding yezinto ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi ezifana ne-titanium alloys, i-aluminium alloys, i-chromium alloys, njl.; iLebhu yeSizwe yase-Oakridge e-United States izibophelele ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo zokuvala ngelaser ezisebenzayo nezinexabiso eliphantsi; iinkampani ezininzi zaseJapan, ezifana ne-Sumitomo Heavy Industries kunye ne-Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, nazo zibandakanyeka kuphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zokuvelisa i-laser.

Izinto zokugquma intsimbi yesiNtu zisetyenziswa kakhulu eTshayina. Ukususela ngo-2010, amaziko ophando kunye neeyunivesithi ezifana Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University kunye Shenyang Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Sciences baye benza inkqubela enkulu laser cladding technology. Okwangoku, kugxilwe kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso, kwaye uphando luye lwenziwa kuhlaziyo lweblade ye-injini yenqwelomoya, imathiriyeli yentsimbi esebenzayo, i-intermetallic compound coatings, njl. njl., kwaye obunye ubuchwephesha bufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe. Iinkampani zasekhaya ezifana neShenzhen Guangyun Laser nazo zikhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Okwangoku, ukwakhiwa kwendawo yezinto ze-ceramic cladding yenze inkqubela ethile, kodwa kusekho i-gap evela kwizinto eziphezulu zokusebenza; Uphando lwezixhobo zokugquma ezihlanganisiweyo luqale emva kwexesha kwaye luyaphuhla ukusuka kukulinganisa ukuya kuyilo oluzimeleyo.

Ukujonga kwikamva, imathiriyeli yokugquma i-laser ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe iyaphuhla ukusuka kwimveli ukuya kwinto entsha. Ugxininiso lophando luphuhliswa ukusuka kwizinto enye ukuya kwizinto ezidibeneyo, ngakumbi izinto ezixutywe ngetsimbi-ceramic, ukufumana ukusebenza okungcono okubanzi. Kwangaxeshanye, izinto ezintsha zokugquma ezilungele indawo ezikhethekileyo nazo ziyaphuhliswa, ezinje ngobushushu obuphezulu be-oxidation-resistant alloys, izinto ezihambelana ne-biocompatible, njl.

2 Uphando malunga nenkqubo yokufakwa kwelaser

2.1 Imigaqo esisiseko yenkqubo yokuvala i-laser
I-Laser ilayita izinto zokugquma ukuze zenze ichibi elityhidiweyo. Izinto zokugquma ezinyibilikisiweyo zingena kumphezulu wezinto ezigqunyiweyo ngesenzo se-capillary, kwaye emva koko yomelela ngokukhawuleza ukufezekisa ukuhlangana okutyhidiweyo phakathi kwezinto. Inkqubo yokugquma inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba amathathu: ukunyangwa kwangaphambili, ukugquma, kunye nasemva konyango. Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kubandakanya ukucoca i-substrate kunye nokuphucula umgangatho
uburhabaxa. Inqanaba lokugquma linyathelo eliphambili ekwenzeni i-cladding layer. Unyango lwasemva lubandakanya unyango lobushushu ukuphelisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, njl.

2.2 Izinto ezichaphazelayo kunye neendlela zokuphucula inkqubo ye-laser cladding
Izinto eziphambili eziphembelela inkqubo ye-laser cladding ziyi-parameters ze-laser, isantya sokuskena, iiparamitha ze-nozzle, ukukhuselwa kwegesi, njl. Kwiiparameters eziphambili zenkqubo, abaphandi bacebise ezininzi izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zohlengahlengiso kunye nokulawula. Ngokomzekelo, ngokweeparamitha ze-laser, i-morphology ye-pool etyhidiweyo ezinzileyo ifumaneka ngokulungisa amandla e-laser. Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ukuthelekisa ubude belaser kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa kwelaser kwizinto ezithile zokugquma. Ngokubhekiselele kumzila wokuskena, iziphumo zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuskena ekubunjweni kwamachibi anyibilikisiweyo ziyathelekiswa, kwaye iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukuskena kwe-orthogonal kunokuthathela ingqalelo kokubini ukusebenza kakuhle kokuskena kunye nokuzinza kwedama elinyibilikileyo. Ngokumalunga nokukhuselwa kwesitofu segesi, ulawulo olusebenzayo lwe-atmosfera luphunyezwa ngokwandisa ukuhamba kwerhasi kunye noxinzelelo. Lilonke, isicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo se-laser cladding process optimization sisekiwe. Ngolawulo olulungelelanisiweyo lweeparamitha eziphambili ezifana nenkqubo ye-laser, imodi yokuskena, ukukhuselwa kwegesi, njl., inkqubo yokugquma ingalungiswa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye umgangatho wokudibanisa kunye nokuzinza kunokuphuculwa kakhulu.

3 Uphando malunga nezixhobo zokugquma ngelaser
Izixhobo zokugquma iLaser zibhekisa kwizixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza itekhnoloji yokugquma ngelaser. Ibandakanya umthombo we-laser, inkqubo yokukhanya, inkqubo yokutshiza, indawo yokusebenza kunye nenkqubo yokuhamba, isixhobo sokutshiza ngomgubo, ibhentshi yokusebenzela kunye nenkqubo yokulawula. Njengesixhobo esiphambili sokuqonda inkqubo yokugquma kwelaser, uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe lwezixhobo zokugquma kwelaser luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wokugquma kunye nekhono lenkqubo.

Iilaser eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-CO2 lasers, i-fiber lasers, i-lasemiconductor lasers, njl njl Njengomthombo wokukhanya ongundoqo we-laser cladding, amandla aphumayo, uluhlu lwamaza, umgangatho we-beam kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwe-laser zizibonakaliso eziphambili zobugcisa zokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokugquma. Kwixesha elizayo, uphando kunye nophuhliso lweelaser luya kugxila ekuphuculweni kwamandla aphumayo, ukulungiswa komgangatho we-beam, ukuphuculwa kozinzo lokusebenza kunye nokwandiswa koluhlu lwamaza obude ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo esebenza ngakumbi kunye nesulungekisiweyo ye-laser cladding.

Inkqubo yokutshiza ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhanjiswa kobuchule bezinto zokugquma. Uyilo lweNozzle optimization, inkqubo yokubeka iliso kwi-intanethi kunye nolawulo lwendawo yobushushu zezona teknoloji ziphambili zezixhobo. Izixhobo ezitsha ezifana neentloko ezintsha zokuskena kunye nokudibanisa i-multi-laser zivela kumlambo ongapheliyo. Le nkqubela phambili yethekhinoloji ikhuthaze uphuhliso lwelaser precision cladding. Kwixesha elizayo, uphando malunga nenkqubo yokutshiza luya kugxila kuyilo lokulungiswa kolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi, ukwamkelwa kwezinto ezinobushushu obunganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion, kunye nophuhliso lweendlela ezikhawulezayo zokutshintsha imilomo emininzi ukuphucula ubomi kunye nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. imilomo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada yokugquma.

Inqanaba lobukrelekrele benkqubo yokulawula lihambelana nokuzinza kunye nomgangatho womgangatho we-cladding. Umkhombandlela wophuhliso lwenkqubo yolawulo kwixesha elizayo kukwakha indlela ekrelekrele yokulawula i-loop, ukudibanisa i-algorithms yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kokulungiswa kweparamitha, ukomeleza uyilo lonxibelelwano lwekhompyuter yomntu, kunye nokuqonda imisebenzi yedijithali kunye nobukrelekrele njengokubeka iliso kude kwaye Uqikelelo lwelizwe, ukuze kuphunyezwe ulawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nokulungiswa komgangatho wenkqubo yokugquma.

Isishwankathelo, umkhombandlela wophuhliso lwezixhobo zokugquma i-laser kukuphucula amandla emveliso yelaser kunye nozinzo, ukuqonda ulawulo lwe-nozzle oluchanekileyo, kunye nokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokulawula ezikrelekrele ukwenza ukugquma kwelaser komgangatho ophezulu weemilo ezinzima. Ukuqaliswa kwentsebenziswano kunye nophuhliso lweteknoloji yelaser, iinkqubo zokutshiza, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ziya kukhuthaza ukuvela kwezixhobo zokugquma kwelaser ukuya ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, uzinzo, kunye nobukrelekrele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zexesha elizayo zezicelo zokuvala i-laser kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza ezibanzi.

4 Ukusetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso lwamathemba obuchwepheshe belaser cladding kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo
Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezichanekileyo nezisebenzayo, itekhnoloji ye-laser cladding ibonise iingenelo ezinkulu zesicelo kunye nophuhliso olunokwenzeka kwi-aerospace, imoto, isinyithi kunye nezinye iinkalo. Kwibala le-aerospace, itekhnoloji yokugquma i-laser ingasetyenziswa ekomelezeni umphezulu wamacandelo abalulekileyo anje ngentsimbi ye turbine yerhasi, imilomo, kunye neediski ze turbine ukuvelisa i-anti-wear ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu obunganyangekiyo, nto leyo iyiphucula kakhulu inkonzo. ubomi bamacandelo. Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zemveli, i-laser cladding ineempawu zobushushu obuncinci bokusebenza kwindawo echaphazelekayo kunye namandla okubopha okuphezulu, okulungele kakhulu ukuveliswa kokongeza umphezulu ochanekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kwamacandelo okubhabha. Uphuhliso olongezelelweyo lwale teknoloji luya kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokulondoloza kwintsimi ye-aerospace.

Kwinkalo yokwenziwa kweemoto, i-laser cladding ingasetyenziselwa ukomeleza iipropathi zomphezulu zamacandelo abalulekileyo anje ngee-valve ze-injini, ii-rod zokudibanisa, ii-camshafts, njl. Ubomi benkonzo kunye nokuthembeka kwaloo macandelo abalulekileyo buya kuphuculwa kakhulu, okuya kunceda ukunciphisa i-frequency yokugcinwa kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zomjikelezo wobomi besithuthi.

Kwintsimi ye-metallurgical industry, iteknoloji ye-laser cladding inokufezekisa ukulungiswa kwendawo kunye nokukhusela, ukulungiswa kwecandelo kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona, unyango lwe-alloying surface, ukuvelisa izinto ezidibeneyo, unyango lokuguqulwa kwendawo kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo. Ngokumalunga nokulungiswa komphezulu kunye nokukhusela, itekhnoloji ye-laser cladding yandisa ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwezinto kwaye yandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo ngokufaka i-alloys ezikhethekileyo kwiindawo ezonakalisiweyo. Ukulungiswa kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kwezinto eziphambili, iteknoloji ye-laser cladding inokubuyisela isakhiwo sokuqala kunye nomsebenzi ngokufudumeza okukhethiweyo kunye nokugubungela izinto ezifanelekileyo ze-alloy, ngaloo ndlela ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamacandelo. Unyango lwe-alloying engaphezulu lisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokugquma i-laser ukugquma izixhobo ezithile zealloyi kumphezulu wezinto zetsimbi, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ubulukhuni, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kwemathiriyeli kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo ethile. Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-laser cladding ukwenza izinto ezidibeneyo kunokufezekisa usetyenziso olubanzi lweempawu ezahlukeneyo ngokugquma izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zomgubo, ngaloo ndlela kwandiswa intsimi yesicelo semathiriyeli yesinyithi. Kwangaxeshanye, itekhnoloji yokugquma i-laser inokufikelela kunyango lohlengahlengiso lwasekhaya olunjengokuqina, ukufakwa kwe-anneal kunye nokucima, ukubonelela ngokusebenza okulungiselelweyo kwezixhobo zetsimbi. Ukongeza, ukulungiswa kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto zemveli nazo zinokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji laser cladding, nto leyo iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nobomi bezinto ngokwenza umaleko ingxubevange entsha kumphezulu wezinto.

Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji ye-laser cladding kunye nezixhobo, indawo yokusetyenziswa kwayo iya kwanda nakweminye imimandla yemizi-mveliso efana nepetroleum, ishishini lemichiza, amandla ombane, uthutho lukaloliwe, njl.njl., kwaye amathemba entengiso abanzi. Ukuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo kobu buchwepheshe kuya kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcina izixhobo kumashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

Isiphelo se-5

Njengendlela echanekileyo nesebenzayo yokuguqula umphezulu, itekhnoloji ye-laser cladding ibonise amandla amakhulu okusebenza kunye namathemba ophuhliso. Izibonelelo zayo ezikhethekileyo yindawo encinci echaphazelekayo ukushisa, amandla okubambisana okuphezulu, ulawulo lwenkqubo eguquguqukayo, njl. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yophuhliso, itekhnoloji ye-laser cladding isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwiinkalo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-aerospace, i-automobile, i-metallurgy, njl., ukuphucula kakhulu ubomi benkonzo kunye nokuthembeka kwamacandelo angundoqo.

Ngophuhliso olongezelelweyo lobugcisa belaser kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo, iteknoloji yokugquma kwelaser isajongene nemingeni ekunciphiseni ngakumbi iindleko zezixhobo, ukuqonda i-multi-layer complex structure cladding, kunye nokwandisa umda wezixhobo zokusebenza. Ingxaki yokumataniswa kwenkqubo yezinto kunye nozinzo kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho wokugquma okuphindaphindwayo nako kufuneka kuphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ithemba lokusetyenziswa kobu buchwepheshe banzi kakhulu, kubandakanywa ukulungiswa kwecandelo elishushu leenjini zenqwelomoya, ukuphuculwa komphezulu weenjini zemoto, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezixhobo zombane wamanzi. Itekhnoloji ye-Laser cladding ngokuqinisekileyo iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukuthembeka kwemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zomjikelo wobomi ngokuqhubeka nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye neenkqubo.