Ngenxa yomgangatho ombi womphezulu we-Fe45 ialloy eyenziwe ngokutsha ngu ukufakwa kwe-laser ukuveliswa okongeziweyo, okungenako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kunye neendibano zamacandelo achanekileyo omatshini, i-laser cladding layer igayiwe kwaye iqhutywe. Eli phepha liphonononga ifuthe lenkqubo yokusila kumandla okusila, uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye ne-micromorphology, kwaye lisebenzisa indlela yovavanyo lwe-orthogonal ukwenza uvavanyo lokusika. Impembelelo yesantya se-spindle S, isantya sokutya F kunye nokusika ubunzulu be-ap kumandla okugaya kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu beendawo ezibunjiweyo zokugquma zivavanywa ngokwahluka kunye neendlela zokuhlalutya uluhlu; Impembelelo yenkqubo yokusika i-milling kwi-surface morphology kunye ne-chips ihlalutywa kumbono we-microscopic. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba inkqubo yokugawula parameters impembelelo enkulu kumgangatho womphezulu womhlaba obunjiweyo, phakathi apho ubunzulu lokusila unempembelelo enkulu kumandla okusila, kunye nesantya feed inefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu kuburhabaxa komhlaba; emva kokulungiswa kokugaya, uburhabaxa bomphezulu uRa we-Fe45 we-laser additive aditive parts anokuncipha ukusuka kwi-13.68 μm ukuya kwi-1.7 μm, eyancitshiswa ngama-87.6%. Inokubonwa kuvavanyo ukuba inkqubo yokunciphisa ukungqusha inokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho womphezulu we-Fe45 alloy eyenziwe ngokutsha yi-laser cladding additive production, enokubaluleka okukhokelayo ekusetyenzweni koomatshini bokugquma kwelaser.

Itekhnoloji yokufakwa kweLaser yindlela yokwenza i-alloy-layer cumulative forming eyenza i-high-performance alloy coating kwi-surface yesakhiwo somatshini, ukuqonda ukomelezwa komphezulu kunye nokungaphumeleli ukulungiswa kweendawo eziphezulu zomatshini. Ineempawu zemveliso esebenzayo kunye neguquguqukayo, kwaye inokuhlangabezana nokubunjwa ngokuthe ngqo kweendawo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji ye-laser cladding, iye yasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwi-aerospace, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo, kunye neshishini lemichiza yamalahle.

Nangona kunjalo, kusekho umsantsa othile phakathi komphezulu wamacandelo esinyithi e-laser cladding additive forming kunye nomphezulu wokulungiswa komatshini wendabuko, obonakaliswe ubukhulu becala ebusweni kunye nokuchaneka kwejometri ekunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukwenza i-subtractive post-processing kwi-laser additive cladding coating ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho womphezulu. Iindlela zeMveli zokucutshungulwa komatshini ikakhulu zibandakanya ukujika kunye nokusila. ULi S et al. wafunda ukuguqulwa komgangatho we-nickel-based alloy cladding layer. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kwe-cladding layer yehla ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyuka kobunzulu bokusika, kwaye i-vibration yokusika yaba nefuthe elikhulu kuburhabaxa bomhlaba. Böß V et al. kusetyenziswe i-laser cladding kunye ne-ball-end milling technology ukulungisa iindawo ze-alloy ezisekelwe kwi-nickel kwaye yafunda impembelelo ye-substrate engalinganiyo kunye ne-cladding shape kumandla okugaya kunye nomgangatho wokugqibela wenxalenye yomhlaba. UZhao YH et al. kusetyenziswe ixesha lokusila amandla kunye neendlela zokuhlalutya umqondiso wesizinda kunye nokusetyenzwa kweendlela zokuhlalutya umqondiso we-vibration ukufunda iimpawu zokusila ze-laser cladding layers kunye nokuhlalutya impembelelo yokusika iiparitha kunye notshintsho lwe-microhardness kwi-chip morphology. Shu LS et al. wafunda umsebenzi wokusika owomileyo we-nickel-based laser cladding alloy coatings. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba ubukhulu bamandla okugaya ngexesha lokusila okomileyo kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokwakhiwa kweenkozo kunye nobushushu bokusika. UZhao YH et al. [7,9] yahlalutya i-chip morphology kunye nokushukuma kwenkqubo ngexesha lokusila kunye necala lokugaya. i-laser cladding layers. U-Wang Qingqing wenze uphando olucwangcisiweyo malunga nokwakheka kunye ne-evolution ye-microstructure ngexesha lokusika kwe-TC4. UZhang Yuanjie et al. Uthelekisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lwelaser ekhethiweyo yokunyibilika yokongeza izakhi ezibunjiweyo ngaphambi nasemva kokusila. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba uburhabaxa bomphezulu beendawo ezongezelelweyo bunciphile ukusuka kwi-10 μm ukuya kwi-1 μm emva kokugaya, kwaye uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lwangaphezulu luxinzelelo loxinzelelo. UBai Haiqing et al. yenze uvavanyo lokugrumba umngxuma omncinci kwiindawo ezigqunywe ngelaser. Hua Y et al. wafunda impembelelo yeeparamitha zenkqubo kuburhabaxa bomphezulu ngexesha lokujika okomileyo kwe-IN718. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba isantya sokusika kunye ne-fillet radius zizinto eziphambili ezichaphazela uburhabaxa bomphezulu. UPolishetty A et al. milled TC4 titanium alloy alloy alloy parts and forgings, ngokulandelelana, kwaye kuthelekiswe amandla okusila kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu bamaqhekeza amabini ovavanyo emva kokusila. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba amandla okusila e-TC4 titanium alloy alloy SLM abumba iindawo ezibunjiweyo zikhulu kunezo zenziwa, kwaye uburhabaxa bomphezulu busezantsi. Nangona abaphengululi basekhaya nabangaphandle sele beqalisile ukufunda inkqubo yokuvelisa i-laser cladding subtractive subtractive, kukho uphando oluncinci kwindlela ye-laser cladding iron-based alloy powder milling subtractive process yokuphucula umgangatho wendawo yokongeza, kwaye kusekho ukunqongophala uphando lwethiyori kubudlelwane bokwenza imephu phakathi kweeparamitha zenkqubo yokubumba kunye nomgangatho wokulungiswa komphezulu.

I-iron-based alloy powder ineempawu zokuzitshintsha okuqinileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding. Ingubo yokugquma elungiselelwe yiyo inobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, kwaye inethemba elibanzi kakhulu lesicelo kwinkalo yokomelezwa komphezulu wamalungu omatshini. Ngoko ke, eli phepha lisebenzisa i-Fe45 i-alloy powder njengento ekrwada, ithatha i-annular coaxial synchronous powder feeding method ukulungiselela i-Fe45 laser cladding parts, kwaye iyile imifuniselo ye-orthogonal milling ukuhlalutya impembelelo yeeparameters zenkqubo yokugaya kumandla okugaya, ukucubungula uburhabaxa bomphezulu, i-morphology. kunye ne-chip morphology, kwaye iphonononga indlela yokusila inkqubo yokususa kumgangatho womphezulu we-Fe45 i-laser cladding parts.

1 Umgaqo wovavanyo kunye nesikimu

1.1 Ukulungiswa kweesampulu zokudibanisa i-laser cladding

Ukulungiswa kwamalungu okugquma kwelaser amkela i-coaxial coaxial synchronous powder feeding. I-substrate yokugqoka i-square ye-40Cr yensimbi kunye nobukhulu be-100 mm × 80 mm × 30 mm. Lo mzekelo ucolwa phambi kokuba ugqunywe ukuze ususe ubumdaka obufana nomgangatho weoksidi yomphezulu. I-powder cladding yi-Fe45 i-alloy powder kunye nobubanzi be-42-128 μm. Ngaphantsi kwe-ultra-depth microscope, umphezulu wesuntswana ugudileyo kwaye imilo imalunga nengqukuva eqhelekileyo. Akukho ukunamathela phakathi kweengqungquthela kunye ne-powder fluidity ilungile, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
Ngaphambi kovavanyo, i-powder yomisiwe ukukhusela i-powder ukuba inganamatheli omnye komnye kwaye ichaphazele umgangatho wokugqibela wokwenza. Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ze-Fe45 alloy powder kuboniswe kwiThebhile 1. Igesi ekhuselayo ekulungiseleleni i-laser cladding eyenza imizekelo isebenzisa i-99.99% ye-argon ye-industrial ecocekileyo. Iiparamitha zenkqubo yokugquma zezi: amandla elaser 2 400 W, isantya sokuskena yi-20 mm/s, isantya sokutya ngumgubo oyi-20 g/min, isixa sokungagxininisi +5 mm, izinga lokudityaniswa kwe-50%, indlela yokutyisa umgubo annular coaxial synchronous powder feeding, isaphetha indlela yokuskena, ukuqokelelwa kwe-layer-by-layer ukulungiselela i-75 mm × 60 mm × 3.5 mm Fe45 i-laser cladding coating, umzobo wenkqubo yokwenza umzobo uboniswe kuMzobo 2, kwaye inxalenye yokugqibela ye-Fe45 laser cladding iboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Uhlalutyo lwe-macroscopic yoMfanekiso 3, kunokubonwa ukuba umphezulu we-Fe45 i-cladding iyingxenye etyhidiweyo kwaye i-crack-free, i-surface roughness value Ra = 13.68 μm, i-cladding layers idityaniswe ngokusondeleyo, kwaye ibhondi ye-metallurgical yenziwa kunye umphezulu we-40Cr substrate.

1.2 Uvavanyo lokusika lokugaya kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwesixhobo sokulinganisa

Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 4, uvavanyo lokugaya lusekelwe kwi-DMG ye-five-axis machining centre DMU50, isantya esiphezulu se-spindle sesixhobo somatshini yi-14,000 r / min, kwaye amandla okuqhuba i-spindle yi-23 kW; isixhobo sokugaya nguWalter MC377-06.0A4-BC-WK40EA enobubanzi obuyi-6 mm kunye ne-shank eqondileyo eqinileyo ye-carbide ye-4-tooth end mill; ukuze kuncitshiswe amandla okusila, ubushushu bokugaya kunye nesipholisi ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula. Impembelelo yomgangatho womphezulu kunye nokusebenza kokusebenza, olu vavanyo lwamkela indlela yokusila eyomileyo yokusila. Umqondiso wamandla okugaya uqokelelwa yi-dynamometer
(KISTL-ER 9272A), kwaye i-sampling frequency imiselwe kwi-20,000 Hz. Kuba umphezulu wesampulu ye-laser cladding urhabaxa, umgangatho osisiseko womzekelo urhabaxa-okusilwa phambi kovavanyo lwe-orthogonal ukwenza umphezulu wawo ube mpuluswa.

1.3 Uyilo lwesicwangciso sovavanyo lokusila

Olu vavanyo luphonononga iimpembelelo zezinto ezintathu, isantya se-spindle n, isantya sokutya u-F, kunye nobunzulu bokusika umva, kumandla okusila, uburhabaxa bomphezulu, kunye ne-morphology yomphezulu we-40Cr i-laser cladding parts. Uvavanyo lwamkela indlela yokuvavanya i-orthogonal yezinto ezintathu kunye namanqanaba amathathu L9 (3'3). Itheyibhile yenqanaba elikhethiweyo liboniswe kwiThebhile 2, apho i-A, B, kunye ne-C imele isantya se-spindle n, isantya sokutya F, kunye ne-back cutting ap, ngokulandelanayo. Uvavanyo lokusila ububanzi yi-1 mm. Isicwangciso sovavanyo lwe-orthogonal siboniswe kwiThebhile 3. Emva kokuba isampulu icutshungulwe, uburhabaxa bomhlaba uRa we-milled specimen ilinganiswa kusetyenziswa imitha yobunzima obuphathekayo TR200. Amanqaku amahlanu akhethiweyo kwiqela ngalinye ledatha ukulinganisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu, kwaye i-arithmetic mean ithathwa njengoburhabaxa bomphezulu beqela leeparamitha zokucubungula. Umphezulu owenziwe ngomatshini kunye ne-chip morphology iyabonwa kwaye ihlalutywe kusetyenziswa i-Keyence VHX-S750E i-ultra-depth yenkqubo ye-microscope yentsimi.

2 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo

2.1 Uhlalutyo lwamandla okugaya

2.1.1 Iziphumo zomlinganiselo wamandla okugaya
Amandla okugaya sesinye sezibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo zokuvavanya ubuchule bezinto eziphathekayo. Ubukhulu bamandla okusila buchaphazela ngqo ubomi besixhobo, umgangatho womatshini wokwenza umsebenzi kunye nokuchaneka komatshini, kwaye udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufundeni umatshini wokusila; inokuphinda ivavanye ngokungathanga ngqo umgangatho we-cladding layer. Ukuba umgangatho we-laser cladding umpofu, umaleko wokugquma uya kuxobula kwizinto ezisisiseko xa amandla okusila emkhulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, uhlalutyo lwamandla okugaya lubalulekile. Isazobe 5a yigophe lokuqala lamandla okusila. Kuyabonakala ukuba amandla okusila abonisa utshintsho lwamaxesha athile. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yokusila ayiqhubeki, yaye amazinyo okusika aqhubeleka nokusika ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesixhobo sokusila, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amandla okusila atshintshe ngamaxesha athile. Umzobo 5b ligophe lamandla okusila. Kuyabonakala ukuba amandla okusila anokwahlulwa abe ngamanqanaba amathathu. Inqanaba lokuqala livela kwixesha apho i-blade ibandakanyeka ekugayeni ukuya kuthi ga ngoku isixhobo sonke sibandakanyeka ngokupheleleyo ekugayeni. Ngeli xesha, i-radial force Fx, eyona nto iphambili yokugaya iFy kunye ne-axial force Fz inyuka ngokuthe ngcembe. Inqanaba lesibini kukusila okuzinzileyo. Ngeli xesha, amandla okusila ahlala azinzile ngokuguquguquka okuncinci. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwinkqubo ezinzileyo yokusila, amazinyo okusika aqhubeleka nokusika ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo yokusebenza. Xa iitshiphusi zixutywe kwi-workpiece, amandla okugaya ayancipha. Njengoko isixhobo sondla, umaleko omtsha wokugaya uthatha inxaxheba ekugayeni, kwaye amandla okugaya ayanda, kwaye ukuguquguquka kumjikelezo. Inqanaba lesithathu kuxa umsiki amazinyo esikwa umsebenzi. Ngeli xesha, isixhobo sihlukana ngokuthe ngcembe kwi-workpiece, kwaye kuphela inxalenye yamazinyo e-cutter athatha inxaxheba ekugayeni, kwaye amandla okugaya ayancipha ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuze kupheliswe uphazamiseko lwemiba eyahlukeneyo yangaphandle kwiziphumo zomlinganiselo, ixabiso lomlinganiselo wamandla okusila lithatha ixabiso lentsingiselo eyongezelelweyo △F yamandla okusila. Ngokubala amandla okugaya emva kokucoca, amacandelo amandla okusila Fx, Fy, Fz kunye nesiphumo sokugaya amandla F kwiThebhile 4 ifunyenwe. Ukusuka kwitheyibhile, kunokubonwa ukuba ukuguquguquka kweFx kunye neFz kuncinci, kubonisa ukuba iiparitha zokugaya zinempembelelo encinci kwi-radial kunye ne-axial components; Ukuguquguquka kwe-Fy kubonakala ngakumbi, kubonisa ukuba iiparamitha zokugaya zineyona mpembelelo ibalulekileyo kumandla amakhulu okugaya. Oku kungenxa yokuba icandelo amandla Fy ecaleni ulwalathiso feed ngexesha lenkqubo yokusila, kwaye workpiece esoloko ecinezela isixhobo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusila, ngokotshintsho lweeparamitha ezahlukeneyo zokusila, iFy iguquguquka kakhulu.

2.1.2 Uhlalutyo lomahluko ogqithisileyo wamandla okungqusha
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-orthogonal yamandla okugaya zihlalutywa, kwaye iziphumo ziboniswe kwiThebhile 5. Ukususela kwiThebhile 5, kunokubonwa ukuba umyalelo wempembelelo yento nganye kwi-radial milling force force Fx ngu-A> C>B. ; ulandelelwano lwempembelelo kumandla okugaya aphambili Fy nguC>A>B; ulandelelwano lwempembelelo kwi-axial milling component force Fz yi-A>B>C; ulandelelwano lwempembelelo kumandla wesiphumo sokugaya F ngu C>A>B.
Ngokweziphumo zohlalutyo olugqithisileyo, ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla ecandelo ngalinye kunye nesiphumo samandla kunye neeparitha zokugaya kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6. Ukususela kuhlalutyo lwe-Figure 6a, kunokubonwa ukuba isantya se-spindle sinempembelelo encinci kwi-Fx kunye ne-Fz, kwaye i-Fx iyancipha ngokunyuka kwesantya se-spindle. Nangona i-Fz iphinda inyuke ngokunyuka kwesantya se-spindle, ukunyuka kuncinci. I-Fy kunye ne-F yonyuka kakhulu ngokunyuka kwesantya sokujikeleza, kwaye isondele ekunyukeni komgca. Ukususela kuhlalutyo lwe-Figure 6b, kunokubonwa ukuba i-radial milling force kunye ne-axial milling force nayo iyanda ngokunyuka kwesantya sokutya, kodwa ukunyuka kuncinci kakhulu, kubonisa ukuba isantya sokutya sinefuthe elincinci kwi-Fx kunye ne-Fy. Amandla okugaya aphambili anyuka ngokunyuka kwesantya sokutya. Xa isantya sokutya sinyuka ukusuka kwi-120 mm / min ukuya kwi-150 mm / min, amandla okugaya atshintsha kancane. Xa isantya sokutya sinyuka ukusuka kwi-150 mm / min ukuya kwi-180 mm / min, izinga lokukhula liba ngokukhawuleza, libonisa ukuba ukwanda kwesantya sokutya kunempembelelo enkulu kumandla amakhulu okugaya. Amandla esiphumo sokusila aphantse angqamane negophe lamandla okusila. Kwinqanaba ngalinye, amandla amakhulu okusila athatha i-93.999% ukuya kwi-96.75% yamandla esiphumo sokusila, ebonisa ukuba amandla esiphumo sokusila achatshazelwa kakhulu ngamandla amakhulu okugaya kwaye achatshazelwa kancinci ngamandla okugaya kunye ne-axial milling force. Ukususela kuhlalutyo lwe-Figure 6c, kunokubonwa ukuba ngokunyuka kobunzulu bokugaya, i-radial milling force Fx nayo iyanda, kwaye ukunyuka kwayo kuncinci; xa ubunzulu bokusila butshintsha ngaphakathi koluhlu lovavanyo, amandla okugaya i-axial ayanda kwaye ayancipha, kodwa ukunyuka kunye nokuncipha kuncinci. Ngoko ke, ubunzulu bokugaya bunempembelelo encinci kwi-radial milling force Fx kunye ne-axial milling force Fz; ngokunyuka kobunzulu bokugaya, amandla amakhulu okusila ayanda. Xa ubunzulu bokusila bunyuka ukusuka kwi-0.1 mm ukuya kwi-0.5 mm, ukwanda kwamandla amakhulu okugaya yi-37.916 N, okuyi-7.2 amaxesha okusila xa ubunzulu be-milling yi-0.1 mm. Oku kubonisa ukuba ubunzulu bokusila buneyona mpembelelo ibalulekileyo kumandla okugaya. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubukhulu bobunzulu bokusila, ubukhulu bevolumu yetshiphu ekufuneka isuswe ngexesha leyunithi, kunye namandla amakhulu afunekayo; nangona amandla okugaya i-axial anomkhuba oyanciphayo, xa ubunzulu bokugaya bunyuka ukusuka kwi-0.1 mm ukuya kwi-0.5 mm, inxalenye yayo kwisiphumo sokusila inyuka ukusuka kwi-0.1 mm ukuya kwi-0.5 mm. I-69.41% yehla ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-10.63%. Ke ngoko, ukuncitshiswa kwe-axial milling force akuchaphazeli ukwanda kwamandla okugaya. Xa ubunzulu bokugaya bunyuka ukusuka kwi-0.1 mm ukuya kwi-0.5 mm, umlinganiselo wamandla okugaya ongundoqo kumandla okusila ukhula ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-68.99% ukuya kwi-99.05%. Uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba ubunzulu bokugaya bunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumandla okugaya. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 6d, ukwanda kwesantya se-spindle, izinga lokutya kunye nobunzulu bokugaya kuya kwandisa amandla okugaya, kodwa amandla okugaya abaluleke kakhulu kubunzulu bokugaya. Ngokunyuka ngakunye kobunzulu bokusila, izinga lokunyuka kwamandla okugaya liyakhula. Isantya sokusonta kunye nesantya sokutya sinempembelelo encinci kumandla okugaya. Njengoko inqanaba le-factor likhula, amandla okugaya abonisa ukunyuka okucothayo. Njengoko isantya sokusonta sikhula, impembelelo yayo kumandla okugaya inkulu kunempembelelo yesantya sokutya kumandla okugaya. Ukusuka kuhlalutyo olungasentla, kunokubonwa ukuba eyona mpembelelo inkulu kumandla okusila bubunzulu bokusila, kulandele isantya se-spindle kunye nesantya sokutya.

2.1.3 Uhlalutyo lokungafani kwamandla okugaya
Itheyibhile yesi-6 yitheyibhile yohlalutyo lokungafani kwamandla okugaya. Ukusuka kwiziphumo zohlahlelo lwentlupheko, kunokubonwa ukuba ulandelelwano lweempembelelo zezinto ezahlukeneyo kwisalathiso sovavanyo lokusila: C (ubunzulu bokugaya)>A (isantya sokujikeleza)>B (isantya sokutya). Ixabiso le-F ye-factor C (ehambelana nomlinganiselo we-factor mean i-square ukuya kwi-square ye-square ye-square, esetyenziselwa uvavanyo olubalulekileyo lomahluko phakathi kweendlela ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zesampuli), oko kukuthi, i-FC = 18.59 isondele kwi-F0.05 (2,2) ,19) = XNUMX, ngoko ke into C ineyona mpembelelo ibalulekileyo kumandla okugaya. Izigqibo ezifunyenwe ngokuhlalutya ukungafani zihambelana nezo zifunyenwe ngokuhlalutya uluhlu.

2.2 Uhlalutyo loburhabaxa bomphezulu

2.2.1 Uhlalutyo loluhlu loburhabaxa bomphezulu
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-orthogonal yoburhabaxa bomphezulu ziphantsi kohlalutyo loluhlu. Iziphumo ziboniswe kwiThebhile 7. Ukusuka kwiThebhile 7, kunokubonwa ukuba ulandelelwano lwempembelelo yento nganye kuburhabaxa bomphezulu yi-B>C>A (isantya sokutya>ubunzulu bokusila>isantya sokujikeleza), kunye neyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusila indibaniselwano yeparamitha. yi-A2B2C1.

NgokweThebhile 7, umzobo ocacileyo wempembelelo yenqanaba ngalinye kubunzima bomphezulu uzotyiwe, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 7. Ukusuka kuMfanekiso 7, kunokubonwa ukuba uburhabaxa bomphezulu buyancipha kuqala kwaye bunyuke ngokunyuka kwesantya sokujikeleza. kunye nesantya sokutya; uburhabaxa bomphezulu buqala bunyuke kwaye bubuye bucutheke ngokunyuka kobunzulu bokungqusha. Xa isantya feed inyuka ukusuka 120 mm/min ukuya 150 mm/min, Ra iyancipha ngo-33.8%, kwaye xa isantya feed inyuka ukusuka 150 mm/min ukuya 180 mm/min, Ra ukwanda 13.2%. Isizathu kukuba ukonyuka kwesantya feed kwandisa umgama intshukumo isixhobo ngexesha leyunithi nganye, kwandisa umthamo wezinto ezisusiweyo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kwandisa amandla lokusila, ngoko ke ixabiso umphezulu uburhabaxa nalo landa. Njengoko isantya spindle sanda, ixabiso Ra liyancipha kuqala kwaye landa, kwaye ukuncipha 14.9%. Ngokubanzi, ixabiso likaRa lithande ukunyuka. Isizathu kukuba isantya enyukayo kwandisa isenzo kunye namandla reaction phakathi isixhobo umatshini kunye nesixhobo, kwaye isixhobo vibration iqinisiwe, ebangela inkqubo yokusila ukuba angazinzanga, ngaloo ndlela yenze umkhwa ukwanda uburhabaxa umphezulu ixabiso. Njengoko ubunzulu bokusila bukhula, ixabiso le-Ra likhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kuba njengoko ubunzulu bokugaya bukhula, amandla okusila afunekayo ayanda, amandla esixhobo ayanda, kwaye ukungcangcazela kuqinisiwe, ngoko ixabiso loburhalarhume linyuka.

2.2.2 Uhlalutyo loburhabaxa bomphezulu
Ngenxa yeempazamo ezingenakuphepheka kwinkqubo yovavanyo, uhlalutyo olugqithisileyo lomahluko alukwazi ukukhupha impembelelo yeempazamo. Ngoko ke, uhlalutyo lokungafani lusetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya ngokuqhubekayo ukubaluleka kwempembelelo yento nganye kwi-roughness, jonga iThebhile 8.

Ukususela kwiziphumo zokuhlalutya umahluko, kunokubonwa ukuba ulandelelwano lwempembelelo yento nganye kuburhabaxa bomphezulu besalathisi sovavanyo yile: B (isantya sokutya)>C (ubunzulu bokugaya)>A (isantya sokujikeleza). Ixabiso le-F ye-factor B (ehambelana nomlinganiselo we-factor mean square to error mean square, esetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwentsingiselo yomahluko phakathi kwemilinganiselo yeesampulu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu), oko kukuthi, FB=11.19 yi. enkulu kune-F0.10 (2,2) = 9, ngoko ke umlinganiselo wokutya unempembelelo ebalulekileyo kubunzima bomhlaba. Izigqibo ezifunyenwe ngokuhlalutya ukungafani zihambelana nezo zifunyenwe ngokuhlalutya uluhlu.

2.3 Imofoloji yomphezulu kunye nohlalutyo lwetshiphu

2.3.1 Uhlalutyo lwemofoloji yomphezulu
I-morphology ye-surface morphology yovavanyo lwe-orthogonal milling yabonwa nge-microscope ye-ultra-depth, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 8. Ingabonwa kwi-Figure 8a kunye ne-Figure 8b ukuba xa isantya si-2 000 r / min, phantsi kokutya okuhlukeneyo kunye nokusika ubunzulu, kukho i-transverse ebonakalayo equidistant texture ecaleni kolwalathiso lwesondlo. Uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo lubonisa ukuba ukufuduka kwe-ridge ye-uniform protrusion ye-trajectory yesixhobo ilingana nesantya sokutya ngezinyo kwiiparameters zokugaya. Njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-Figure 8c, isixhobo sokuhamba sijika sibe mfiliba xa isantya sinyuka. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa isantya sinyuka kwaye isondlo sihlala singatshintshi, inani lamaxesha okugaya isixhobo kwindawo enye ngexesha leyunithi liyanda, i-deformation yokugaya iyancipha, kwaye ukwanda kwesantya sokugaya kubangela ukuba iitshiphusi zibhabhe zimke kwi-workpiece. umphezulu ngesantya esiphezulu somgca ngaphandle kokukrwela umphezulu owenziwe ngoomatshini, kwaye uburhabaxa bomphezulu buyancipha. Njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-Figure 8d, xa isantya sinyuka ukuya kwi-3200 r / min, ukuthungwa kwendawo akucaci, kwaye amaninzi amaninzi angabonwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubushushu buyanyuka ngexesha lenkqubo yokusila, okubangela ukuba iitshiphusi zinamathele kwisixhobo, zibangele imikrwelo kumphezulu owenziwe ngoomatshini, kwaye umgangatho womphezulu uyancipha, okukhokelela ekunyukeni kwexabiso loburhabaxa.

Umzobo we-9 ubonisa i-morphology ebonwe emva kokuba umphezulu ukhuliswe ngamaxesha e-1 000 kwizantya ezahlukeneyo zokutya kunye nobunzulu bokugaya ngesantya se-n = 2 600 r / min. Kuyabonakala ukuba xa n = 2 600 r / min, F = 120 mm / min, ap = 0.3 mm, ubushushu obuphezulu obuveliswa ngokusila kumphezulu benza ukuba umphezulu utshise ngaphantsi; xa n = 3 200 r / min, F = 180 mm / min, ap = 0.3 mm, ubushushu obuphezulu obuveliswa ngokusila phezu komhlaba xa isantya sokutya sinyuka kwaye ukunyuka kwamandla okugaya kwenza ukuba ubuso buvutha ngakumbi. Into evuthayo ebusweni benxalenye iya kubangela ukuba ukuchasana kwe-corrosion yecandelo kuyancipha, kwaye ukusebenza kokukhathala koqhagamshelwano kuya kuncipha, okubangela ukuhla kobomi benkonzo yecandelo. Ngoko ke, ukuze ufumane umgangatho ongcono womgangatho, iiparamitha zokugaya kufuneka zikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yeengxenye ezigayiweyo.

2.3.2 Uhlalutyo lwetshiphu

Iitshiphusi zokulinga zabonwa nge-microscope ye-ultra-depth, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 10. Njengoko kunokubonwa kumzobo, i-chip morphology phantsi kwee-parameters zokugaya ezahlukeneyo ziyafana. Umphezulu wangaphakathi we-chip ugudileyo, umphezulu wangaphandle u-fuzzy, kwaye kukho i-serrations kwi-edge ye-chip. Kunokugwetywa ukuba iitshiphusi zonke ziitshiphusi ezimile okwe-C. Ukuqulunqwa kwee-chips ezinokwakheka kwe-C kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo neeparamitha zokugaya. Olu hlobo lwe-chip lulula ukuvelisa xa isantya sokugaya siphantsi kwaye inani lokusika umva likhulu. Xa ubunzulu bokugaya buyi-0.1 mm, amandla okugaya amancinci kwaye i-sawtooth ye-chip ayibonakali; xa isantya sokutya kunye nobunzulu bokugaya bunyuswa ukuya kwi-150 mm / min kunye ne-0.3 mm ngokulandelanayo, i-sawtooth ihlala rhoqo kwaye isasazwe ngokulinganayo, ebonisa ukuba inkqubo yokugaya izinzile ngeli xesha; xa ubunzulu bokugaya bunyuswa ukuya kwi-0.5 mm, amandla okusila makhulu, i-sawtooth ye-chip iba nkulu, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwetshiphu ye-sawtooth akulingani, kwaye iintanda ezicacileyo zivela kwingcambu ye-sawtooth. Kunokugqitywa ukuba isantya sokugaya, isantya sokutya kunye nobunzulu bokugaya zonke zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni kweetshiphusi. Njengoko isantya sokutya sikhula, idigri ye-sawtooth yeetshiphusi iqala ifane kwaye icoceke, emva koko yenza imilo engaqhelekanga, kwaye umahluko kwimilo yezinyo lesarha ekufutshane nayo inkulu.

Isiphelo se-3

Eli phepha liqhuba inkqubo yokugaya i-subtractive milling kwi-fe45 alloy parts eyenziwe yi-laser additive production kumphezulu we-40Cr substrate. Ukusebenza kwe-subtractive milling ye-Fe45 yokongeza i-additive parts ihlalutywa ngovavanyo lwe-orthogonal, kunye nempembelelo yenkqubo yokugaya kwintsebenzo yokugaya i-Fe45 i-laser additive parts yokuvelisa ichazwa. Ezi zigqibo zilandelayo zifunyenwe.

(1) Iiparamitha zenkqubo yokugaya zinefuthe elincinci kumandla okugaya i-radial kunye ne-axial force ye-Fe45; amandla amakhulu okusila aguquguquka kakhulu phakathi koluhlu lweparamitha yovavanyo, ebonisa ukuba iiparamitha zokugaya zineyona mpembelelo ibalulekileyo kumandla amakhulu okusila. Ubunzulu bokusila yinkqubo yokugaya iparameter enempembelelo enkulu kumandla okusila, ilandelwa yisantya sokusonta kunye nesantya sokutya.

(2) Umyalelo wokubaluleka kweeparamitha zenkqubo yokusila kuburhabaxa beendawo ezibunjiweyo ze-Fe45 zezi: F (isantya sokutya) > ap (ubunzulu bokugaya) > n (isantya sokusonta). Ngokuthelekisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu beendawo ezibunjiweyo emva kokusila naphambi kokugaya, kunokufunyanwa ukuba ixabiso eliphezulu lokurhabaxa komhlaba emva kokugaya yi-3.48 μm kunye nexabiso eliphantsi yi-1.7 μm, zombini ziphezulu kunoburhabaxa bomphezulu. iindawo ezibunjiweyo phambi kokugaya, ebonisa ukuba ukugaya kunokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wezinto zokwenziwa kwelaser.

3 Njengoko iiparamitha zokusila zisanda, iqondo le-sawtooth yeetshiphusi liqala licoceke kwaye lifane, kwaye emva koko litshintshe kwimilo engaqhelekanga. Umahluko kubume bezinyo nawo mkhulu, obonisa ukuba isantya sokusonta, isantya sokutya, kunye nesixa sokusika ngasemva ziiparamitha eziphambili ezichaphazela i-chip morphology.