I-Cr-Ni insimbi engenasici inokumelana ne-corrosion ebalaseleyo kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimimandla yepetroleum, ishishini lemichiza, i-aerospace, ubunjineli baselwandle, njl. ishishini langoku. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezinobungozi kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso kunye ne-atmospheres engcoliseke kakhulu efana ne-inorganic acids, ukumelana nokubola komzimba akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno, kwaye ubomi bayo benkonzo kufuneka bandiswe ngetekhnoloji yokukhusela umphezulu. Itekhnoloji yale mihla yokugquma umphezulu onjengokubekelwa komphunga, unyango lobushushu bekhemikhali, i-electroplating, ukutshiza nge-thermal kunye ne-laser cladding ziindlela ezibalulekileyo zokuphucula ukuxhathisa kokubola kwezinto. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba iingubo ezilinganayo kunye ezixineneyo zinokulungiswa nge-electroplating kunye neendlela zokubeka umphunga, kwaye iingubo zicocekile kunye nokwakheka okulawulekayo. Meng et al. ulungiselele i-superhydrophobic exineneyo yokwambathisa iZn-Fe kumphezulu wengxubevange ye-magnesium nge-electroplating. I-coating ibonise ukuzicoca ngokugqwesileyo, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-magnesium alloy substrate, ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion ye-coating kuphuculwe ngama-304%. UShan et al. idipozithelwe i-CrN kunye ne-CrSiN i-coatings kwi-87L yensimbi engenasici, eyandisa ubulukhuni bomhlaba, yaphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yamanzi olwandle kunye neempawu ze-tribological zezinto. Iingubo zalungiswa ngonyango lokushisa kweekhemikhali, ukutshiza kwe-thermal kunye nezinye iindlela, kunye nokuchaneka komgangatho kunye nobukhulu bezinto ezilawulwayo, inkqubo yayilula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Xun Qingting et al. yomeleza umphezulu we-GCr316 yentsimbi ngonyango lobushushu bekhemikhali, kwaye ukuqina kwayo kwaphuculwa kakhulu, kwaye ubukhulu bomaleko obunzima bufikelela kwi-15 mm. ULiu et al. Ukulungiswa ngempumelelo kweengubo ze-Ag-BN ngokutshiza i-plasma, eyanciphisa i-friction coefficient ye-coefficient ye-coefficient kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwabo.

Iingubo ezilungiselelwe yi-electroplating kunye neteknoloji yokubeka umphunga inamandla okudibanisa okubuthathaka kunye ne-substrate kunye nobukhulu obuncinci. Umphezulu wengubo yokutshiza ye-thermal irhabaxa kwaye ine-porosity enkulu. Ukuphathwa kokushisa kweekhemikhali kuneemfuno eziphezulu ze-substrate material, kwaye ukugquma kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwexesha elide. Xa kuthelekiswa nobunye itekhnoloji yonyango lomphezulu, itekhnoloji yokugquma i-laser ineengenelo zokusebenza okuphezulu, ukudityaniswa okuphantsi, kunye nokuhlangana okuhle kwesinyithi. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela iingubo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nobunzima obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa okuqinileyo kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, okunokufezekisa injongo yokulungiswa kwendawo yokusebenza kunye nokuguqulwa.

Itekhnoloji yokufakwa kweLaserngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa umgubo wentsimbi, umgubo weceramic, kunye nomgubo wesinyithi we-ceramic odibeneyo njengezinto zokugquma. I-Metal powder ine-wettability efanelekileyo kunye ne-substrate material kwaye kulula ukwenza ibhondi ye-metallurgical esondeleyo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula inkqubo yokwenza ukusebenza kwengubo. Ouyang Changyao et al. i-laser igqoke i-Stellite12 i-cobalt-based powder phezu kwe-304 yensimbi engenasici kwaye yafunda i-microstructure, ukuhanjiswa kwezinto, isigaba kunye neepropati zokugquma. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba umgangatho womphezulu wokugquma ubulungile kwaye awunaziphene zicacileyo. Yakha ibhondi ye-metallurgical kunye ne-substrate, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion kwaphuculwa kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-substrate. UYang Wenbin et al. [23] ulungiselele iintlobo ezimbini zeentsimbi ezisekelwe kwisinyithi kunye ne-cobalt-based based cobalt ebusweni bentsimbi ye-ER8. Umphezulu wokugquma wawufana kwaye uxinene, wenza i-metallurgical bond elungileyo. Iisampulu zentsimbi ezilungisiweyo zonke zibonise ukuxhathisa kokunxitywa kakuhle kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa. Xa kuthelekiswa nesinyithi, iiseramics zinobulukhuni obuphezulu, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba okungcono, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nobushushu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu be-oxidation. Kuba iipropathi ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali zekeramics, ezinje nge-elastic modulus kunye ne-thermal expansion coefficient, zahluke kakhulu kwezo zesinyithi, iziphene ezinje ngokuqhekeka kunye neepores zenziwa lula ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba i-cladding, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela amandla okubopha phakathi kokwaleka kunye nentsimbi. i-substrate, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni umgangatho womgangatho kunye nokusebenza. Wang Ran et al. yasombulula iingxaki ze-Al2O3-ZrO2 iingubo ze-ceramic, ezifana ne-brittleness ephezulu kunye nokuqhekeka okulula, ukuya kwinqanaba elithile ngokutshisa i-substrate. Emva kokufudumeza kwangaphambili kwi-300 ° C, uvakalelo lwe-crack ye-coating lwancipha kakhulu, kodwa iintanda zazisekhona. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweentsimbi ze-ceramic composite coatings kunokusombulula ingxaki yebhotile ye-ceramic coatings. I-Metal-ceramic composite powders inobulukhuni kunye nokuqhubekeka kakuhle komgubo wesinyithi, kunye nokuqina okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, kunye nokunganyangeki kokuhlwa kwemathiriyeli yomgubo weceramic. Ngokukhetha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi kunye ne-ceramic powders kunye nokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wokubunjwa kwezimbini, iingubo ezidibeneyo zetsimbi ze-ceramic ezineziphene ezimbalwa kunye namandla aphezulu okubambisana angalungiswa. Iingqungquthela ze-intermetallic kunye neengqungquthela zokuqinisa i-ceramic ezinganyibilikiyo kwi-coating structure zihambelana nemisebenzi ethile ye-composite coating (njengokumelana nokugqwala, ukuxhatshazwa kokugqoka, ukuchasana kwe-oxidation yeqondo lokushisa, njl.). Umgubo osetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo wesinyithi-ceramic ohlangeneyo uquka i-Fe, i-Co, kunye ne-Ni-based powders edibeneyo eqiniswe ngamasuntswana e-ceramic afana ne-WC, i-SiC, kunye ne-Al2O3, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukulungisa i-metal-ceramic composite yengubo enobunzima obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, kunye ukuxhathisa okuqinileyo. Phakathi kwazo, iikeramics ze-Al2O3 zinendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika, ubunzima obuphezulu, i-coefficient encinci yokwandisa i-thermal, kunye nokuzinza okuqinileyo ngokomzimba kunye neekhemikhali. Abaphengululi basekhaya nabangaphandle baye benza uphando olubanzi kwiingubo ze-ceramic ze-Al2O3. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-Al2O3 ecocekileyo yokugquma i-ceramic ineengxaki ezifana ne-porosity enkulu kunye namandla obuthakathaka obunzima. Zhou Jianzhong et al. ilungisiwe i-Al2O3 i-ceramic-eqiniswe i-Fe901 i-metal-ceramic composite coatings usebenzisa i-laser cladding, eyaphucula ngokufanelekileyo ubunzima kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka kwengubo. I-Ni ine-ductility elungileyo kunye nesiphumo esihle sokudibanisa. Ngokudibanisa i-Ni, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-deposition kunye ne-mechanical properties ye-coating inokuphuculwa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye amandla okuphina amaqhekeza e-Al2O3 kwi-coating composite angaphuculwa. I-Al2O3-ephuculweyo ye-Ni-based coating coating inobunzima obuphezulu kunye namandla okudibanisa, kwaye ibonisa iimpawu ezintle zokukhusela umphezulu. Okwangoku, uphando malunga ne-Ni-Al2O3 ye-composite coating igxile kakhulu ekuxhathiseni ukunxiba kunye neendlela ezinxulumene nayo, kwaye kukho iingxelo ezimbalwa malunga nokumelana nokubola kwengubo. Kule phepha, indlela yepowder esetiweyo isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela i-Ni-Al2O3 metal ceramic coating composite coating phezu komphezulu wentsimbi engagqwaliyo ngetekhnoloji ye-laser cladding, ukuze kudityaniswe uzinzo oluphezulu lweekhemikhali zentsimbi i-Ni kunye nesiphumo sokuqinisa ubulukhuni obuphezulu be-Al2O3, kuncitshiswe kakhulu izinga lokusabela kokugqwala, kwaye kuphuculwe ubulukhuni bomphezulu wezinto, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa iinjongo ezimbini zokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukugqwala kunye nobunzima bomphezulu wentsimbi engagqwali engama-304.

1 Linge

Izinto ze1.1
I-laser cladding substrate yintsimbi engama-304, kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali (ngeqhezu lobunzima) yile: S 0.002%, P 0.042%, C 0.07%, Si 0.89%, Mn 1.92%, Ni 8.1%, Cr 18.2%, kunye ne ibhalansi yiFe. Ubungakanani be-200 mm × 150 mm × 15 mm, kwaye i-microstructure ye-substrate iboniswe kwi-Figure 1. I-powder cladding yi-powder ephezulu yorhwebo ye-Ni powder (umyinge we-particle 100 nm, ubunyulu 99.0%) kunye ne-Al2O3 powder (umyinge ubungakanani besuntswana 2 μm, ubunyulu 98.0%). I-powder edibeneyo ixutywe kwi-QM-1 ye-grinder ethe tye kwisantya sokugaya i-250 r / min kwi-6 h ukwenza i-powder ixutywe ngokulinganayo. Ngaphambi kokugquma, umgubo oxutywe wafakwa kwi-oven yokumisa i-vacuum kwi-150 ° C ngeeyure ezi-3 ukususa ukufuma. Ngaphambi kokugquma, umphezulu we-substrate wawuphuculwe nge-SiC sandpaper kwaye umphezulu we-substrate wacocwa nge-acetone ukususa igrisi. I-substrate yafudumeza ukuya kwi-300 ° C ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal olubangelwa yi-gradient enkulu yobushushu phakathi kwe-substrate kunye nokwaleka. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwengubo edibeneyo, i-laser cladding yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-powder ebekwe ngaphambili, kunye nobukhulu bepowder ebekwe ngaphambili yayiyi-0.9 mm.

1.2 Ukulungiswa kokugquma
Izixhobo zokugquma zisebenzisa i-JHL-1GX-2000 inkqubo yokuvelisa i-laser ehlakaniphile ngamandla amakhulu angama-2 kW. Iiparamitha zenkqubo yokugquma: amandla e-laser ye-1.2 kW, ububanzi bendawo ye-3 mm, kunye nesantya sokuskena se-350 mm / min. Emva kokuba i-cladding igqityiwe, isampuli ipholile ngokwemvelo kwiqondo lokushisa. Isampuli inqunywe kunye necandelo lomnqamlezo wengubo edibeneyo ngokusika ucingo, kwaye isampuli ihlanjululwa kwi-ethanol e-anhydrous usebenzisa i-ultrasonic cleaner ukufumana i-specimen ye-metallographic. Emva kokusila kunye nokupholisa, isampuli ifakwe kwi-25 s usebenzisa isisombululo esixubileyo esibandakanya i-HCl (i-volume fraction 75%) kunye ne-HNO3 (i-fraction ye-volume 25%).

1.3 Iimofoloji zokwaleka kunye nokubonakaliswa kwesigaba
I-microstructure ye-substrate yabonwa yi-Eclipse MA200 optical microscope (OM), kunye ne-morphology ye-composite coating kunye ne-corrosion surface yayo yabonwa yi-VEGA3 scanning electron microscope (SEM) kunye ne-energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), kunye namandla. uhlalutyo lwe-spectrum lwenziwa. Ukubunjwa kwesigaba sokudibanisa esidibeneyo sihlalutyelwe yi-X-ray diffractometer (XRD, i-voltage 40 kV, i-200 mA yangoku, i-angle ye-diffraction 2θ ye-20 ° ~ 80 °).

1.4 Ubume bomsebenzi wokwaleka
I-microhardness yecandelo lomnqamlezo wengubo edibeneyo ihlolwe ngumhloli we-HV 1000A microhardness, kunye nobunzima bokulayisha i-400 g kunye nexesha lokulayisha i-30 s. Umgama phakathi kwendawo nganye yomlinganiselo wawuyi-0.1 mm. Kwiqela elifanayo leesampuli, amanqaku e-3 ahlolwe kumgama ofanayo ukusuka kwindawo yokugqoka, kwaye ixabiso eliphakathi lithathwe.
Ingubo edibeneyo ivalwe ngeglue ephilayo, eveza i-1 mm2 yendawo, kwaye isampuli yokubola yenziwe. Isampuli ye-corrosion ifakwe kwi-1 mol / L i-dilute i-hydrochloric acid kwaye ifakwe kwi-corrosion kwindawo yokushisa kwe-5 h. Emva kokususa iimveliso ze-corrosion, zilinganiswe, kwaye izinga lokulahlekelwa kwesisindo se-corrosion ye-coating composite libalwe kusetyenziswa ukulahleka kwesisindo somzimba: VL = (m1- m0) / t.
Apho i-m1 ibubunzima besampulu phambi kokuthotywa, m0 bubunzima besampulu emva kokuhlwa, kwaye t lixesha lokuthotywa. I-Ametek Parstat 4000 ye-electrochemical workstation yasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-potentiodynamic polarization curve of the 1 mm2 composite composite coating corrosion surface sample. I-corrosion medium yayiyi-1 mol / L ye-dilute hydrochloric acid isisombululo, i-electrode yereferensi yayiyi-electrode ye-Ag/AgCl, i-electrode encedisayo yayiyi-Pt electrode, kunye ne-electrode esebenzayo yi-1 mm2 yesampulu yokubola. Emva kokucwiliswa kwindawo evulekileyo yesiphaluka kwi-60 min, uvavanyo lwenziwa emva kokuzinzisa. Uvavanyo lwepolarization lwe-potentiodynamic lwenziwa kuluhlu -1.5 ~ 1.5 kwisantya sokuskena se-1 mV/s, kwaye amandla okutya kunye nokuxinana kwangoku kokutya okudityanisiweyo kufakwe.

2 Iziphumo kunye nengxoxo

2.1 I-morphology yokwambathisa kunye nohlalutyo lwesigaba
I-microstructure yecandelo lomnqamlezo we-Ni-25% Al2O3 ye-composite coating iboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-Figure 2a, i-composite coating inesakhiwo esifanayo, akukho ziphene ezicacileyo ezifana ne-pores kunye nokuqhekeka, kwaye kukho indawo ecacileyo ye-metallurgical bonding phakathi kwe-composite coating kunye ne-substrate. I-composite coating inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu: i-cladding layer (CL), i-metallurgical bonding zone (MBZ) kunye nendawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa (HAZ). Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2b, isakhiwo esisezantsi kwendawo ye-CL yikristale zeselula ezintle. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 2c, iziko lendawo ye-CL yikristale yekholomu kunye nokukhula kolwalathiso. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMzobo 2d, isakhiwo esingaphezulu kwendawo ye-CL yi-crystal equiaxed. Ekubeni i-laser beam ihlola umgubo ixesha elifutshane kakhulu kwaye ubushushu buyehla ngokukhawuleza, i-composite coating iqina kwaye iphole ngokukhawuleza, yenze into efanayo kunye nesakhiwo esihle. Ngokutsho kwethiyori yokuqinisa, i-morphology yesakhiwo esiqinileyo sichongwa yinto yokuzinza (G / R) ye-solid-liquid interface, apho i-G yi-gradient yeqondo lokushisa kunye ne-R yizinga lokuqiniswa. I-bottom ye-CL zone isondele kwi-substrate, kunye nesantya sokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunye neqondo elikhulu le-supercooling, ukwenza iikristale zeselula ezintle. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuqinisa, izinga lokupholisa elixhomekeke kwi-interface ye-bonding iyona ikhawulezayo, kwaye isantya se-crystallization yengqolowa ikhawuleza kakhulu. Ngoko ke, iikristale zekholomu zenziwa phakathi kwendawo ye-CL ecaleni kwesalathiso se-perpendicular kwi-interface, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2c. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 2d, indawo ephezulu ye-CL idibene nomoya, izinga lokupholisa likhawuleza, i-undercooling inkulu, kwaye izinga lokupholisa kuzo zonke iindlela liyafana, livelisa i-crystals equiaxed fine. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa, amazinga okupholisa ahlukeneyo akhokelela kwii-microstructures ezahlukeneyo. Ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqiniswa kwe-laser cladding, ulwakhiwo lwengubo edibeneyo lucocwe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-substrate. Iziphumo zohlalutyo lwe-EDS ze-surface scanning ye-coating composite (Umfanekiso 2) uboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiMifanekiso 3a ~ c, i-Fe kunye ne-Cr izakhi zisasazwa ngokulinganayo kwi-coating kunye ne-substrate, kwaye i-Ni isasazwa ngokubanzi kwindawo ye-CL. Izinto ze-Al kunye ne-O (njengoko kubonisiwe kwiMifanekiso ye-3d kunye ne-e, ngokulandelanayo) isasazwa ngokubanzi phezulu kwendawo ye-CL, ebonisa ukuba i-Al2O3 i-particle isasazwa kakhulu kwindawo ephezulu ye-CL, kwaye i-composite coating yenziwe ngentsimbi. umaleko kunye ne-ceramic layer. Isitshixo ekubunjweni kweengubo ze-metal-ceramic composite yi-dispersion of Ni kunye ne-Al2O3 kwi-powder, kunye nokwahlukana ekufunjweni kwabo kwamandla e-laser. Xa i-laser enamandla kakhulu ihlola i-powder composite, i-powder kunye ne-substrate surface iyancibilika ngokukhawuleza ngobushushu obuphezulu. Ekubeni i-melting point ye-Al2O3 iphezulu kune-Ni, ininzi yamandla e-laser ixutywe ngu-Ni powder, kwaye i-Ni powder iyancibilika ngokupheleleyo. Ingxenye ye-Al2O3 powder iyancibilika kancane, kodwa i-Al2O3 ihlala kwifom ye-granular. Emva kokuba i-laser enamandla kakhulu ihlola umgubo, i-Ni powder kunye ne-substrate iyanyibilika ngokupheleleyo ukwenza ichibi elityhidiweyo. I-convection enamandla yenziwa kwi-pool etyhidiweyo, kunye neengqungquthela ze-Al2O3 zihlakazwe ngokulinganayo. Ekubeni ubuninzi beengqungquthela ze-Al2O3 ziphantsi kunesigaba sensimbi, zisasazwa ngokubanzi phezulu kwengubo edibeneyo (njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 4), ukwenza i-ceramic layer. Iingqungquthela ze-Intermetallic zisasazwa kwi-coating composite ukuze zenze i-metal layer. Ekubeni i-Ni inamandla okumanzisa kakuhle nge-metal matrix, kwakheka indawo efanelekileyo yokubopha i-metallurgical, nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-composite coating iqine ngakumbi kwi-substrate.

Ukuze unqume ukubunjwa kwesigaba se-Ni-25% Al2O3 yokudibanisa i-composite, i-coating composite ihlalutywe yi-XRD. Iziphumo ziboniswe kwi-Figure 5. Isigaba se-coating composite siqulunqwe ikakhulu kwi-Al2O3, Fe-Ni, kunye ne-Fe-Ni-Cr izisombululo eziqinileyo. Ekubeni i-athomu ye-athomu ye-Fe isondele kakhulu kwi-Cr kunye ne-Ni, i-Fe iya kunyibilika kwaye isasazeke phantsi kwe-laser irradiation yamandla aphezulu, kwaye idibanise ne-Cr kunye ne-Ni ukwenza i-Fe-Ni kunye ne-Fe-Ni-Cr izisombululo eziqinileyo, ezikhoyo. njenge-austenite kumaqondo aphezulu kwaye iguqule ibe yi-martensite emva kokupholisa. Ubukho be-Fe-Ni kunye ne-Fe-Ni-Cr izisombululo eziqinileyo zibonisa ukuba i-matrix kunye ne-Ni powder ziye zanyibilika ngokupheleleyo, kwaye i-Fe kwi-matrix isasazwe ngokupheleleyo kwi-pool etyhidiweyo. Idityaniswe ne-SEM kunye nohlalutyo lwe-EDS, kunokubonwa ukuba i-Al2O3 i-ceramic particles ayinyibiliki ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ininzi yazo isekho ngendlela yeengqungquthela, ezibonisa ngakumbi ubukho be-Al2O3 isigaba se-ceramic.

I-cross-section kunye ne-surface morphology ye-Ni-x% Al2O3 i-coating composite iboniswe kwi-Figure 6. Njengoko kuboniswe kwiMifanekiso 6a, c, e, kunye ne-g, i-cross-section ye-Ni, i-Ni-15% Al2O3, kunye I-Ni-25% Al2O3 i-composite coatings ixinene kwaye ayinaziphene ezicacileyo. Amasuntswana e-Al2O3 ancibilika kancinci phantsi kwe-laser irradiation ephezulu yamandla, ebonisa ukukhanya okungwevu okungaqhelekanga kolwakhiwo lwegranular. Iincinci ze-Al2O3 ezincibilike kancinane zivelisa umphumo we-pinning phantsi kwesenzo sokubambisana kwe-Fe-Ni kunye ne-Fe-Ni-Cr izisombululo eziqinileyo, kwaye zidibene ngokuqinileyo, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula umphumo wokwenza i-coating composite. Ngokunyuka komxholo we-Al2O3, inani leengqungquthela ze-Al2O3 kwi-coating composite landa ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwi-cross-section ye-Ni-35% ye-Al2O3 yokudibanisa i-composite, i-pores engaphezulu yafunyanwa, i-Al2O3 i-particle agglomerated, kunye ne-Al2O3 i-particle kunye ne-intermetallic compounds yavelisa i-pores, engazange idibaniswe ngokuqinileyo, ekhokelela ngokulula ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kwengubo edibeneyo. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiMizobo 6b, d, f, kunye no-h, akukho ziphene zicacileyo kumphezulu we-Ni, Ni-15% Al2O3, kunye ne-Ni-25% Al2O3 yokwaleka edityanisiweyo, ngelixa kukho iintanda ezicacileyo kunye nemingxuma kumphezulu we Ni-35%Al2O3
Iingubo ezidibeneyo. Ukuqhekeka kubangelwa ikakhulu kuxinzelelo olugqithisileyo ngenxa ye-agglomeration ye-Al2O3 particles kunye nokusabalalisa izinto ezingalinganiyo. Ngenxa yeempawu zokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwengubo edibeneyo, igesi eveliswa yi-reaction of elements ezifana ne-C kunye ne-S ene-O ayinalo ixesha lokubaleka, ngaloo ndlela yenza ii-pores. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 6, emva kokongeza inani elifanelekileyo le-Al2O3, umphezulu wengubo edibeneyo unzima kwaye awunaziphene ezicacileyo; emva kokongeza i-Al2O3 ngokugqithiseleyo, i-composite coating ixhomekeke kwiziphene ezifana neepores kunye nokuqhekeka.

2.2 Uhlalutyo lobulukhuni obuncinci
Utshintsho lwenguqu ye-microhardness yecandelo lomnqamlezo we-Ni-x% Al2O3 i-coating composite ecaleni kwendlela enzulu iboniswe kwi-Figure 7. I-microhardness ye-substrate malunga ne-164HV, kwaye i-microhardness ye-coating composite inokufikelela kwi-1026.3 HV. I-microhardness iphakathi kwe-760HV kunye ne-1 026HV, eyi-4 ukuya kumaxesha angama-5 aphezulu kunaleyo ye-substrate. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 7, i-microhardness yengubo edibeneyo iyancipha ngokukhawuleza emva kokunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho iziphene kumphezulu ongekho nzulu wokwaleka odibeneyo, okhokelela kubulukhuni obuncinci bomphezulu; i-microstructure ngaphakathi kwengubo edibeneyo ifana kwaye ilungile, ineziphene ezimbalwa, kwaye kukho inani elikhulu lezigaba ezinzima, kwaye i-microhardness iyanda ngokuthe ngcembe; i-microhardness yendawo ekufutshane ne-substrate iyancipha ngokukhawuleza ide ifike kwi-microhardness ye-substrate. Ngokunyuka komxholo we-Al2O3, i-microhardness ye-coating composite iyanda kuqala kwaye iyancipha. Xa i-mass fraction ye-Al2O3 i-25%, i-microhardness ye-coating composite ifikelela kwixabiso eliphezulu. Ubunzima bengubo edibeneyo ihambelana nomgangatho wayo ophezulu kunye nomxholo we-Al2O3. Idityaniswe ne-morphology kunye nohlalutyo lwesigaba sokugquma okudibeneyo, ezona zizathu ziphambili zezi: okokuqala, i-laser cladding composite coating ivelisa iqondo elikhulu le-undercooling ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza, ngaloo ndlela icoca i-microstructure ye-coating, idlala indima yokomeleza okuziinkozo. kwi-coating composite, kunye nokwandisa kakhulu i-microhardness ye-composite coating; okwesibini, isisombululo esiluqilima isiphumo ukomeleza izigaba ezinzima Fe-Ni kunye Fe-Ni-Cr iphucula microhardness of ukutyabeka composite. Idityaniswe neziphumo ze-EDS (Umfanekiso 3), kunokubonwa ukuba umxholo we-Ni kunye ne-Cr kwi-coating composite iphezulu, kwaye ii-athomu ze-Fe kwi-matrix enyibilikisiweyo zingena kwi-diffusion element kwi-coating composite. I-Ni kunye ne-Cr zinyibilika ngokulula kwi-Fe ukwenza isisombululo esiqinileyo esiqinileyo; okwesithathu, i-high-hardness Al2O3 iincinci ze-ceramic zihlakazekile kwi-coating composite, ephucula ngakumbi i-microhardness ye-composite coating. Xa i-mass fraction ye-Al2O3 ifikelela kwi-35%, iziphene ezifana ne-pores kunye nokuqhekeka zivela kumphezulu we-composite coating, okunciphisa ubuncinci be-coating composite. Ingabonwa ukuba ukuphuculwa kwe-microhardness ye-Ni-x% Al2O3 (x≤25) i-composite coating benefits evela kwimiphumo edibeneyo yokucoca okuziinkozo, ukuqiniswa kwesisombululo esiqinileyo kunye nokuqiniswa kwamasuntswana.

2.3 Uhlalutyo lokunganyangeki kokutya
Isantya sokulahlekelwa kwesisindo somzimba we-Ni-x% Al2O3 yokugqoka i-composite emva kokucwiliswa kwi-1 mol / L i-dilute i-hydrochloric acid kwi-5 h iboniswe kuMzobo 8. Njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-Figure 8, ngokunyuka komxholo we-Al2O3, ubunzima. izinga lokulahleka kwelahleko libonisa umkhwa wokuhla kuqala kwaye unyuke, kwaye ukuxhathisa komhlwa kubonisa umkhwa wokunyuka kuqala kwaye emva koko ube buthathaka. Isantya sokulahlekelwa kwesisindo somzimba we-Ni-25% Al2O3 i-composite coating iyona nto incinci kwaye ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yeyona nto ingcono. I-polarization curve kunye nedatha efanelekileyo ye-coating ye-Ni-x% Al2O3 edibeneyo iboniswe kwi-Figure 9. Njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-Figure 9, i-polarization curves ye-Ni-x% Al2O3 ye-composite coatings iyafana ngesimo. Ngokunyuka komxholo we-Al2O3, amandla e-corrosion abonisa umkhwa wokunyuka kokuqala kunye nokunciphisa, kunye nokuxinana kwangoku kwe-corrosion kubonisa indlela yokuqala yokunciphisa kwaye inyuke. I-Ni-25% Al2O3 edityanisiweyo yokwaleka inelona qondo liphezulu lokutya kunye neyona ndawo iphantsi yoxinano lwangoku. Ikhono lokubola libonisa ukuthambekela kokubola kwezinto. Ubukhulu be-corrosion ye-corrosion ye-coating composite, iyancipha amathuba okuba i-corrode. I-corrosion density yangoku kunye nesantya se-corrosion ibonisa umgangatho wokumelana nokubola kwezinto. Okuncinci ukuxinana kwangoku kunye nesantya sokubola kwesambatho esihlanganisiweyo, ngcono ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion of the composite coating. Uvavanyo lokucwiliswa kwe-corrosion kunye ne-electrochemical test fitting data ye-composite coating ibonisa ukuba i-corrosion density yangoku kunye nesantya se-corrosion ye-Ni-25% Al2O3 i-composite coating iyona nto incinci, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion kuyona nto ingcono. Isigaba se-Al2O3 esinganyangekiyo kwi-ceramic kunye ne-Fe-Ni kunye ne-Fe-Ni-Cr izisombululo eziqinileyo zonyusa amandla okubola kwengubo edibeneyo. I-Ni-25% Al2O3 yokudibanisa i-composite ine-corrosion tendency encinci kwaye i-microstructure yayo ifana kakhulu kwaye ixinene; i-Ni-35% Al2O3 i-composite coating ineziphene ezifana ne-pores kunye neentanda, kwaye ulwelo oludlayo lulula ukuhlasela ngaphakathi, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo yokubola ibe mandundu.

I-corrosion surface morphology ye-Ni-x% Al2O3 yokudibanisa i-coating efakwe kwi-1 mol / L i-dilute i-hydrochloric acid kwi-5 h iboniswe kuMzobo we-10. indawo yomhlwa inkulu, kwaye indawo yomhlwa eqhubekayo emile okwegoli ikhona ngokucacileyo, kwaye imingxuma yomhlwa iba nzulu kwaye inkulu. Njengoko kunokubonwa kuMzobo we-10b, idigri ye-corrosion ye-Ni-10% Al15O2 ye-coating composite iyancitshiswa, indawo ye-corrosion iyancitshiswa, indawo eqhubekayo ye-corrosion ye-corrosion emise okwe-gully-shape iyancipha, imingxuma ye-corrosion ayinzulu, i-corrosion. imingxuma mincinci, kodwa inani likhulu. I-morphology ye-corrosion ye-Ni-3% Al25O2 yengubo edibeneyo iboniswe kuMfanekiso we-3c. Inxalenye encinci kuphela yendawo edibeneyo yokugubungela i-corrosion, indawo eqhubekayo ye-corrosion emise okwe-gully incinci, imigodi ye-corrosion incinci kwaye inani lincinci, kwaye i-corrosion degree iyancipha ngakumbi. Njengoko kunokubonwa kuMzobo we-10d, idigri ye-corrosion ye-Ni-10% Al35O2 ye-corrosion ye-coating iyancipha, indawo ye-corrosion iyanda, indawo eqhubekayo ye-corrosion emise okwe-gully-shape emile, indawo ye-corrosion inkulu, inani lingaphezulu, kwaye ukuxhathisa ukubola kwengubo edibeneyo kubi. I-morphology ye-corrosion ye-corrosion coating ibonise ngakumbi ukuba ngokunyuka komxholo we-Al3O2, ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion ye-coating ye-composite ibonisa indlela yokunyuka kokuqala kunye nokunciphisa, phakathi kwayo ukuxhathisa kwe-Ni-3% Al25O2 ye-composite coating yeyona nto ingcono kakhulu. . Oku kungenxa yokuba amandla okumhlwa kokutyabeka okuyintlanganisela ayanda kuqala aze emva koko anciphe, utyekelo lokutya luba buthathaka kuqala luze lunyuke, ingxinano yangoku ye-corrosion kunye nesantya somhlwa siyehla kuqala kwaye sinyuke, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiqondo lomhlwa lokutyalwa kwe-composite kuqala ukuncipha kwaye emva koko ibe mandundu, kwaye indawo yomhlwa apho umngxuma wokugoba wanda ukuze wenze imijelo kuqala uyanda uze emva koko wehle.

Xa i-coating composite intywiliselwa kwi-1 mol / L i-dilute hydrochloric acid, i-Cl-itshabalalisa ngokulula ifilimu ye-passivation ye-surface, i-corrosive liquid idibanisa nomphezulu we-coating composite, kunye ne-corrosion cell galvanic cell, kunye ne-electrochemical reaction. Izinto ezinje nge-Fe, Cr, kunye ne-Ni zingena kwi-oxidation reactions kwi-anode, ziphulukana nee-electron kwaye zinyibilike ukuze zenze ii-cations zasimahla, kwaye i-H+ ifumana ukusabela okucuthayo kwi-cathode ukuvelisa i-H2 yokuphunyuka, okukhokelela kwimingxuma yokugqwala kumphezulu, kubangele i-composite. ukugquma ukuze kudleke ngakumbi. Ngenxa yokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqina kwe-laser cladding, i-microstructure ye-coating composite ilungile kune-substrate, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yesakhiwo esisulungekileyo kunamandla. Ngoko ke, ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion ye-Ni-x% Al2O3 ye-composite coating iphuculwe phantsi kwempembelelo yokomeleza iinkozo. I-Fe-Ni kunye ne-Fe-Cr-Ni izisombululo eziqinileyo zigxininise ngokuqinileyo kwiinqununu ze-Al2O3 kwi-coating composite, zibophe ngokufanelekileyo iinqununu ze-Al2O3, kwaye zithintele ulwelo olonakalisayo ukuba lungene kwi-composite coating ngokusebenzisa i-pores kufuphi ne-Al2O3 particles. Isiphumo esiqinileyo sokuqinisa isisombululo siphucula ukunyanzeliswa kwengubo edibeneyo kunye nokuqinisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-coating composite. Emva kokongeza inani elifanelekileyo le-Al2O3 kwi-coating composite, i-micro-melted Al2O3 inokuthintela umjelo wokugqwala kunye nokunciphisa indawo yokubola. Ukongezwa kwesixa esifanelekileyo se-Al2O3 sinokudlala indima ekuqiniseni i-particle ye-coating composite. Xa i-35% ye-mass fraction ye-Al2O3 yongezwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukongezwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-Al2O3 kubangela ukuba inani elikhulu leengqungquthela linganyibiliki, ukwandisa umjelo wokubola kunye nenani leeseli ze-corrosion galvanic. Ngoko ke, ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion ye-Ni-35% Al2O3 yokudibanisa i-coating iyancitshiswa. Kwelinye icala, emva kokongeza ngokugqithisileyo kwe-Al2O3, kukho inani elikhulu leepores kunye neentanda kwi-coating edibeneyo, kwaye ulwelo olunobukrakra lunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba lungene ngaphakathi kwi-composite coating ngokusebenzisa i-pores kunye neentanda, ngaloo ndlela ikhawuleza ukubola. izinga, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuxhathisa umhlwa Ni-35% Al2O3 composite ukutyabeka. Isishwankathelo, ukuphuculwa kokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-Ni-x% Al2O3 (x≤25) i-coating composite iyisiphumo somphumo odibeneyo wokuqiniswa okuziinkozo, ukuqiniswa kwesisombululo esiqinileyo kunye nokuqiniswa kwamasuntswana.

Izigqibo ze-3
Ubunzima obuphezulu kunye ne-Ni-x% Al2O3 enganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion coating yalungiswa kumphezulu we-304 yensimbi engenasici nge-laser cladding technology. Umphumo womxholo we-Al2O3 kwi-morphology, i-microhardness kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-coating composite yafundwa. Izigqibo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo.

I-1) Ibhondi ye-metallurgical esondeleyo yenziwa phakathi kwengubo edibeneyo kunye ne-substrate. I-microstructure ye-composite coating iboniswa njengeekristale ezintle ezilinganayo, iikristale zekholamu ezikhokelayo kunye neekristali zeselula ukusuka phezulu ukuya ngaphakathi. I-Ni-x% Al2O3 (x ≤ 25) i-composite coating ifana kwaye ixinene ngaphandle kweziphene ezicacileyo. I-Ni-35% Al2O3 edibeneyo yokugquma ineziphene ezifana neepores kunye nokuqhekeka. Izigaba eziphambili ze-Ni-25% Al2O3 yokudibanisa i-composite ihlanganiswe ne-Al2O3, i-Fe-Ni, kunye ne-Fe-Ni-Cr izisombululo eziqinileyo. Iinqununu ze-Al2O3 zisasazwa kakhulu kwindawo ephezulu ye-CL ukuze zenze i-ceramic layer. I-intermetallic compounds ihanjiswe ngokulinganayo kwindawo ye-CL ukuze yenze i-metal layer. Iinqununu ze-Al2O3 zigxininiswe ngokuqinileyo kwi-coating composite yi-intermetallic compounds.

I-2) I-microhardness ye-coating composite iyanda kuqala kwaye iyancipha ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwindawo yokugubungela ukuya kwi-substrate. Ngokunyuka komxholo we-Al2O3, i-microhardness ye-composite coating inyuka kuqala kwaye iyancipha, izinga lokulahleka kobunzima liyehla kuqala kwaye linyuke, amandla okubola ayanda kuqala kwaye ayancipha, kwaye ubuninzi be-corrosion yangoku buyancipha kuqala kwaye bunyuke. I-Ni-25% Al2O3 i-composite coating ineyona microhardness iphezulu kunye neyona ndlela yokuxhathisa i-corrosion. Uphuculo lwe-microhardness kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-Ni-x% Al2O3 (x≤25) i-coating composite iyisiphumo semiphumo edibeneyo yokomeleza okuziinkozo, ukuqiniswa kwesisombululo esiqinileyo kunye nokuqiniswa kwamasuntswana.