Abstract: Panguva yebasa uye kushandiswa kwemaaxles, kukuvadzwa kwemaaxles kunonyanya kusanganisira kukanganiswa kwe micro-kufamba kukuvadzwa kumadziro emukati panguva yekusangana, kuenderera kukuvadzwa uye kusvuuka mushure mekukukurwa uye kukoromoka nemarara, kuneta kukuvara kunokonzerwa nekutenderera. kukotama mutoro panguva yekushanda, uye kukuvadzwa kwepamusoro kune axle panguva yekuongorora uye kuburitsa maitiro, izvo zvinozoita kuti axle irarurwe nekuda kwekutadza kwepamusoro. Mukupindura kumatambudziko aya, iyo CRRC-SP-13 alloy simbi poda yakagadzirwa neCRRC Research Institute yakasarudzwa kuti iite laser cladding kurapwa pane yakakuvadzwa EA1N axle, uye yakadzama laser cladding process chirongwa chakagadzirwa kunyatso kudzora axle kugadzirisa maitiro kubva. zvinhu zvitatu: pamberi pekupfeka, panguva yekupfeka, uye mushure mekupfeka. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti axle ine mhedzisiro yakanaka mushure Laser cladding kurapwa, uye hapana hutsva hutsva hwakadai se pores uye slag inclusions inogadzirwa. Kupedzwa kwakabudirira kweiyo laser cladding process tsvakiridzo paEA1N axle ine hukuru hunoshanda kukosha kwekuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yeaxle uye kuderedza chiyero chezvimedu zveaxle.
Keywords: EA1N axle; remanufacturing; laser cladding; alloy simbi upfu

1 Nhanganyaya

Parizvino, nekusimudzira kwakasimba kweindasitiri yekufambisa njanji, michina yekufambisa njanji yakawana yakazvimirira uye yakakura kugadzirwa. Nekudaro, kuti indasitiri yekufambiswa kwechitima inogona kuwana girini uye yakaderera-kabhoni kusimudzira izano idzva rinoiswa pamberi nenharaunda kune vese vashandi veindasitiri yezvitima zvekufambisa. Kusimukira kwegirini uye yakaderera-kabhoni chinhu chisingadzivisike kuti nyika ivake girinhi yekugadzira sisitimu, kutevera nzira yekusimudzira yebudiriro yezvipenyu, uye kuwana "carbon peak uye kusarerekera kabhoni", uye "kugadzirazve nekugadzirisa tekinoroji" ndeimwe yeakanyanya kusimba. nzira dzinoshanda dzekuwana zviwanikwa patsva. "Kugadzira patsva nekugadzirisa tekinoroji" inogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwakazara kutenderera cheni yezvigadzirwa (kugadzira, kushandisa, kuraswa, kugadzira patsva, kushandisazve, uye kuraswa), kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yezvigadzirwa, kuvandudza chigadzirwa chehunyanzvi kuita uye kukosha kwakawedzerwa, uye kupa ruzivo rwechigadzirwa. kugadzira, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa. Chekupedzisira, kutenderera kwehupenyu hwakazara hwezvigadzirwa kunogona kupedzwa nemutengo wakaderera uye nekushomeka kwekushandisa zviwanikwa, uye kukosha kwezvigadzirwa kunogona kukwidziridzwa, izvo zvine zvakanyanyisa hupfumi uye magariro mabhenefiti. Naizvozvo, zvinokasira kuita basa rekutsvagisa rakakodzera muindasitiri yekufambisa njanji uye kuona mashandisirwo akadzama e "kugadzirazve uye kugadzirisa tekinoroji" muindasitiri yekugadzira njanji yekufambisa njanji nekukurumidza.

Sechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemotokari dzenjanji, ma axles anoda akawanda evashandi uye zviwanikwa zvemari mukugadzira kwavo. Sezvo kuita kwema axles kune kwakakosha kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwemota yese, pane zvakanyanya kuomarara zvinodiwa kune akasiyana ma paramita ema axles. Zvisinei, panguva yekuiswa uye kubviswa kwemaekisi, hazvidzivisiki kuti mapundu, matambudziko uye mamwe matambudziko achaitika, izvo zvinoita kuti nhamba yeakisi yakanyungudutswa yakakwirira gore rose, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi. Mufananidzo 1 mufananidzo wemuviri wekubvisa axle uye kunetsa. Panguva ino, kana "remanufacturing repair tekinoroji" inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa maekisi, chiyero chezvimedu zveaxles chinogona kuderedzwa zvikuru. Pakati pavo, laser cladding tekinoroji ndeye yakajairika application ye "remanufacturing repair tekinoroji".

Tsvagiridzo yekunze pane axle laser cladding kugadzirisa tekinoroji yakatanga kare. Muna 2013, SOODI et al. yakashandiswa yekutengesa 420 simbi isina tsvina uye 17CrMoV5 poda kugadzirisa iyo nottched axle samples. Iyo rotary bending kuneta bvunzo yakasimbisa kuti iyo CRMoVe poda yaive nani kugadzirisa maitiro. Nekudaro, hurema hutsva hwakadai sema pores anogadzirwa panguva yekugadzirisa maitiro akakonzera kupararira kwemhedzisiro yekuedza kuwedzera.

Mumunda weindasitiri yezvitima yekufambisa njanji, akawanda mabhendi eCRRC, akadai seCRRC Sifang Co., Ltd., CRRC Qiji Co., Ltd., uye CRRC Shijiazhuang Co., Ltd., vakaita tsvagiridzo pakushandiswa kwekugadzira patsva. teknolojia. Qi Xiansheng et al. [7] yakakurudzira kugona kwelaser cladding kugadziriswa kweEA4T axles. Muna 2020, Hou Youzhong et al. [8] yeQingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. yakashandisa CRH380A/AL EMU EA4T ekisi simbi sematrix uye NiCrMo alloy sechinhu chekuwedzera, uye yakashandisa yakasarudzika laser cladding process nzira yekugadzirisa uye maitiro ekuongorora. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti laser cladding athari yaive yakanaka.

Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti tsvakiridzo paiyo laser cladding process yeEA1N axles kumba nekune dzimwe nyika haina kukwana zvakakwana, uye gore negore zvimedu vhoriyamu yeEA1N axles yakakura, bepa iri rinoita tsvakiridzo pamusoro peiyo laser cladding process yeEA1N axles, ichivavarira. kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yeEA1N axles uye kuderedza chiyero chavo chakaraswa.

2 Hunhu uye zvakanakira laser yekuwedzera kugadzirisa tekinoroji

Jiang Jibin et al. akatsanangura iyo poda feeding inoshanda musimboti welaser cladding. Zvinoenderana nekubatanidzwa kwemusoro wehupfu jekiseni uye laser inoshanda musoro, iyo poda yekudyisa nzira yakakamurwa kuva coaxial poda feeder nzira uye lateral poda yekudyisa nzira. Iyo laser yekuwedzera gadziriso yeaxle inofanirwa kutora iyo coaxial poda yekudyisa nzira. Mufananidzo 2 uye Figure 3 ndiyo laser yekuwedzera sisitimu yekugadzira dhizaini uye laser yekuwedzera kugadzirisa ichigadzira schematic diagram zvichiteerana.

Ikozvino mainstream kugadzirisa matekinoroji ndeye laser yekuwedzera kugadzirisa tekinoroji, welding yekugadziridza tekinoroji uye tekinoroji yekugadzirisa yekupisa. Kuenzaniswa nehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa welding uye tekinoroji yekupisa yekupisa tekinoroji, laser yekuwedzera kugadzirisa tekinoroji ine zvinotevera zvakanakira.

(1) Yakakwira simba density Iyo laser danda ine hunhu hwekusimba kwesimba, yakaderera kupisa kupinza, uye diki-yakakanganiswa nzvimbo yekupisa, ndiko kuti, iyo yekupisa kweiyo substrate idiki. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwesimba uye kupfupika kwekupisa nguva, iyo yakasara kunetseka pakati pekugadzirisa layer uye substrate idiki.

(2) Simba rakakwirira rekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa Chigadziro chekugadzirisa chine hupamhi hwepamusoro, uye kune metallurgical bonding pakati pekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa uye substrate. The dilution rate yakaderera uye simba rekubatanidza rakakwirira. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa zvikamu pasi pemamiriro ekurema.

(3) Kugadziriswa kwepamusoro kuchinjika Iyo inogona kuwana yakakura-kukora uye yakakura-nzvimbo laser cladding pamusoro peiyo workpiece, kusangana nepamusoro pekugadzirisa zvinodiwa zveshaft zvikamu zvehukuru hwakasiyana uye maumbirwo, uye kuziva "pedyo-net-shape" kugadzirazve nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzezvikamu zvakakanganisika, ine diki inotevera yekubvumidza kugadzirisa.

3 Hurongwa hwekuita

Iri bepa rinotora tekinoroji-yakavandudzwa HXD2 yemagetsi locomotive axle semuenzaniso wekusimbisa. Iyo chaiyo yemakemikari kuumbwa uye zvakakosha kuita zvinodiwa zveEA1N axle alloy simbi inoratidzwa muTafura 1 uye Tafura 2 zvakateerana.

Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko relaser cladding yeEA1N axle, CRRC-SP-13 alloy steel poda yakagadzirwa neCRRC Research Institute yakasarudzwa kuti iite laser cladding yeEA1N axle. Izvo zvinhu zvitatu zve pre-cladding, cladding process uye post-cladding kurapwa zvakadzorwa. Iyo chaiyo axle laser cladding process inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 4.

3.1 Kugadzirira usati wapfeka

(1) Kurapwa kwehupfu Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekuedzwa yapfuura, zvinoenderana nekuumbwa uye kuita zvinodiwa zveEA1N alloy simbi, alloy simbi poda ine particle size ye53-150μm yakasarudzwa ye laser cladding. Usati waputirwa, hupfu hunoda kusefa ne 80-mesh poda sieve (aperture inenge 178μm) kuona kuti hapana tsvina uye agglomerated poda muupfu, uye wozoomeswa muvacuum drying oven pa80℃ kwemaminitsi makumi matatu. .

(2) Machining kubvisa kukanganisa Kuti ubvise kuremara kwepamusoro kwechigaro chevhiri che axle, chinzvimbo chinoda kugadzirwa. Machining mashandiro anofanira kuzadzisa zvinotevera misimboti:
1) Zvichienderana neongororo dzakapfuura uye mhedzisiro yehuwandu, iyo yakazara machining yekucheka kudzika kunofanirwa kunge kwakakura kupfuura kana kuenzana ne95% yehurema hwakadzama.
2) Kune chikamu chimwe chete, chigaro chevhiri cheaxle mushure mekugadzira machining chinovimbiswa kuve chisina kuremara.
3) Kunyangwe hurema morphology yeesese imwe neimwe yakasiyana, ese maekisi emhando imwe chete anofanirwa kugovera seti yemachining maitiro. Zvichienderana nemisimboti iri pamusoro, chigaro chese chevhiri chesero chinotenderedzwa zvakafanana uye dhayamita inoderedzwa ne2mm. Hapana chaidiwa zvinodiwa kuti Machining roughness.
(3) Axle yepamusoro kurapwa Sezvo paine zvinosvibisa sekucheka fluid uye anti-ngura mafuta pamusoro peiyo axle mushure mekugadzira, axle inoda kuve ngura uye degreased kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando yelaser cladding surface kugadzirisa. Chekutanga, nemaziso ongorora ekisero kuti igadziriswe, uye shandisa angle grinder kukuya uye kubvisa mativi ngura. Panguva imwecheteyo, iva nechokwadi chokuti kukuya hakukonzeri zviratidzo zvekukuya zvakadzika zvakanyanya kana kuti zvine mitsetse yakadzika pamusoro, uye usakuvadza zvikamu zvisina kugadziriswa. Mushure mekugaya, yera dhayamita yechikamu chinogadziriswa, uye shandisa doro kuti uchenese nzvimbo yose kuti igadziriswe kuti ubvise zvachose tsvina yakasara yemafuta. Mushure mekuchenesa, dzivisa kubata pamusoro kuti ugadziriswe zvakare kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwechipiri.

3.2 Laser cladding kugadzirisa

(1) Laser cladding midziyo uye maparamendi ekugadzirisa Zvichienderana neiyo yakambounganidzwa data uye maitiro eiyo axle zvinhu, iyo laser cladding process parameters yakasimbiswa inoshandiswa kuita laser cladding kugadzirisa kweaxle pamusoro pekuremara. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti, tichifunga mutsauko pakati peakasiyana Hardware, iyo maitiro paramita inogumira pakushandiswa kweiyo laser additive kugadzirisa yakatsaurirwa chikuva chekuyedza. Iyo chaiyo michina uye maparamendi ekugadzirisa anoratidzwa muTafura 3.

(2) Laser cladding nzira kuronga Tichifunga kuti ekisero kuti kugadziriswa iri nyore cylindrical pamusoro, sezvinoratidzwa Figure 5 (dzvuku chikamu), Laser cladding nzira inorongwa uchishandisa manual programming. Iyo chaiyo sequence ndeiyi inotevera:

1) Tanga kupfekedza kubva kumucheto kwenzvimbo yekugadzirisa axle, uchishandisa yakajairwa cladding zano reimwe spiral line.

2) Mushure mekugadzirisa kumucheto wemukati wenzvimbo yakatsvuka, ita imwe yekuwedzera yekuvhara 1 kusvika ku2 madenderedzwa kuti uone kuti hapana nzvimbo inorasika.

3) Mushure mekunge chikamu chitsvuku chapfekedzwa, ita kumucheto kwekuvhara pamucheto wekunze we shaft uye mipendero kumativi ose ekiyi nzira. Panguva ino, musoro wekuvhara unogona kurereka zvakakodzera kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti hapana nyama inoshaikwa panguva yekugadzira.
4) Mushure mekunge iyo imwe-layer cladding yapera, iyo yese yekupfekedza dhiza inokwenenzverwa neakona grinder kuti ibvise zvakaenzana zvikamu zvepasi uye kudzoreredza kupenya kwesimbi kwepamusoro. Kudzika kwekukuya kunosvika 0.3mm.
5) Mushure mekunge kupenya kwapera, matanho mana apfuura anodzokororwa kusvikira kuvharwa kwechikamu chechipiri kwapera. Panguva ino, inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti dhayamita mushure mekuputira inenge 4mm yakakura kupfuura iyo yekutanga dhayamita. Paunenge uchipfekedza chikamu chechipiri, zvinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti ekumusoro uye ezasi makwara ekupfeka akazununguka.

3.3 Post-cladding kurapwa

(1) Kurapa kwekupisa kwenzvimbo Mushure mekugadzirisa laser yekuwedzera kwapera, axle inobatwa nekupisa munzvimbo. Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ekushandiswa kwemamiriro ekugadzirisa pa-saiti, pasi pemamiriro ekuona kuti iyo yekupisa inopinza inokonzera kushoma kwemafuta kukuvadza kune substrate, yakasarudzika yekudziya sleeve inosarudzwa kuita kupisa kupisa munzvimbo yemhepo. Kupisa tembiricha ndeye 500 ~ 550 ℃, uye nguva yekudzivirira ndeye 2 ~ 3h. Munguva yekudziya uye kutonhora, chikamu chekudziya chinoputirwa nekotoni yekupisa kupisa kuti iwedzere kumhanya kwekudziya uye kuderedza kutonhora kwekumhanya. Panguva yekudziya, mufananidzo wekupisa unoshandiswa kutarisa tembiricha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti tembiricha yekudziya ndeyechokwadi.
(2) Nondestructive kuyedzwa kwezvikamu zvakagadziridzwa zveiyo cladding layer Kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadziriswa kweiyo cladding layer, zvinoenderana neyakajairwa GB/T 18851.1-2012 "Nondestructive kuyedza Penetrant kuyedza Chikamu 1: General Principles", fluorescent penenters. uye mwenje nhema inoshandiswa kuita nondestructive test yezvikamu zvakagadziriswa. Mushure mekuona kukanganisa, iyo inopinda inoshambidzwa nemvura yakachena, uye zvikamu zvinokurumidza kuomeswa kudzivirira ngura.
(3) Muedzo wekuoma kwezvikamu zvakagadziridzwa zvechifukidzo chepamusoro Pamusoro pechifukidzo chakasvibiswa zvishoma nekona grinder kuti iite ndege inopenya inosvika 1 cm2. Iko kuomarara kweiyo cladding chimiro kunoyerwa uye kufayerwa uchishandisa ultrasonic kuomarara tester.
(4) Packaging for rust and corrosion prevention The axle yakagadziriswa inocheneswa uye inotaridzwa isati yaputirwa, uye anti-rust uye anti-corrosion treatment inoitwa. Inobva yaiswa mukati uye yakavharwa mubhegi repurasitiki rakasimba, risingapindiki.

4 Kuongorora kwekuongorora

Tora iyo HXD2 yemagetsi locomotive axle yekuvandudza tekinoroji semuenzaniso, nekugadzirira seti yeyakapedza bvunzo maekisi, ekisi. laser cladding basa rekugadzirira rakaitwa zvinoenderana nepamusoro axle laser cladding process kuyerera, uye kurapwa kwehupfu, chigaro chevhiri machining kubvisa kuremara, axle ngura kubvisa uye kubviswa kwemafuta kwakapedzwa; ipapo michina uye maparamendi akatemerwa, uye nzira yelaser cladding yakarongwa. Mufananidzo 6 mufananidzo wemuviri weiyo axle laser cladding. Mushure mekunge axle laser cladding yapera, ekisi yakaiswa pasi pekupisa kupisa kwenzvimbo, kuyedzwa kusingaparadzi kwezvikamu zvakagadziridzwa zvakagadziriswa, uye kuomarara kuyedzwa kwezvikamu zvakagadziridzwa. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti laser cladding mhedzisiro yaive yakanaka, uye hapana hurema hutsva senge pores uye slag inclusions dzakagadzirwa mushure mekugadzirisa.

Parizvino, laser cladding axle processing, yasara kushushikana kutariswa, isinga paradza kuyedza uye wheelset press test yakaitwa, zvese izvi zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvakajairwa. Mufananidzo 7 uye Figure 8 ndiwo chaiwo mufananidzo weaxle mushure me laser cladding uye wheelset press test test picture, zvichiteerana. Iyo ine imwe mhedzisiro pakuona kushanda kwelaser cladding remanufactured axles, uye inogona kunyatso dzivirira njodzi huru dzekuchengetedza dzinokonzerwa nemaaxles akagadziridzwa mushure mekunge aiswa mukushandiswa.

5 Mhedziso

Tichitarisa kumatambudziko ekusakwana axle laser cladding process nzira uye kushomeka kwekutsvaga paEA1N axle laser cladding process, bepa rino rinosarudza CRRC-SP-13 alloy simbi poda yakagadziriswa neCRRC Research Institute yeEA1N axle laser cladding, uye inodzora zvinhu zvitatu zve pre-cladding, cladding process uye post-cladding kurapwa. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti axle laser cladding athari yakanaka kwazvo, uye hapana hurema hutsva senge pores uye slag inclusions inogadzirwa mushure mekugadzirisa. Tsvagiridzo yeEA1N axle laser cladding process yakapedzwa zvinobudirira. Iyo engineering application verification yekugadziriswa kweaxle iri kuenderera mberi, uye mhedzisiro yebvunzo iyi inopawo hwaro hwekufungidzira hwekuvandudza kweanotevera axle kugadzirisa maitiro.