Kuti uvandudze iyo yega-yekuzora pfuma uye kupfeka kuramba kwetin-based babbitt alloy, mhangura yakavharwa graphite (Cu-Gr) poda yakasanganiswa netin-based babbitt alloy poda, uye tin-based babbitt alloy self-lubricating composite cladding layer yakagadzirwa pamusoro pe20 steel substrate nelaser cladding nzira. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti mushure mekupfekedzwa kwelaser, iyo graphite yakaputirwa nemhangura ichiripo mucomposite cladding layer muchimiro chechinhu chimwe chete; iyo Cu-Gr/Babbitt alloy composite cladding layer iyunifomu uye yakakora, uye hapana chakakanganisika senge makatsemuka nemapores pamusoro. Iyo cladding layer inonyanya kuumbwa α-Sn yakasimba mhinduro chikamu, yakaoma chidimbu chikamu SnSb uye Cu6Sn5 chikamu. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemhangura-yakavezwa graphite, chimiro cheiyo composite cladding layer inonatswa zvakanyanya. Iyo microhardness ye composite cladding layer inosvika 43.19HV, iyo iri 27% yakakwirira kupfuura iyo ye babbitt alloy cladding layer. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kweiyo microhardness uye yekuzvizora-lubricating zvimiro zvegraphite, iyo friction coefficient uye yekupfeka mwero weiyo composite cladding layer yadzikira, iyo 0.359 uye 1.36 × 10-6 mm / (N-1 · m-1), zvichiteerana. Iyo yekuwedzera yeCu-Gr inogona kunyatso kuvandudza iyo yega-yekuzora zvivakwa uye kupfeka kuramba kweBabbitt alloy.

Tin-based Babbitt alloy ine yakanaka kudzikisa kukweshera, kuisirwa, kutevedzera uye zvimwe zvakanakira, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakakosha senge muchina chishandiso chekutungamira njanji. Maturusi ekushandisa njanji anogadzirwa nemaitiro echinyakare senge centrifugal casting anowanzo pfeka zvakanyanya uye kutadza kana akatarisana nemamiriro ekushanda akaomarara senge mitoro inorema uye kupfeka kwakanyanya. Kuti uvandudze kushanda kweti-based Babbitt alloy, kushandiswa kwepamusoro pekugadzirisa teknolojia kugadzirira tin-based Babbitt alloy cladding layer inzira iri nyore uye inoshanda.

Laser cladding tekinoroji yepamberi yekugadziridza tekinoroji ine zvakanakira yekudzikira kupisa kwekuisa uye yakaderera dilution mwero. Iyo yekupfekedza inogona kuwana yakasimba metallurgical bond ne substrate, uye yakaona zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadzirisa zvinogadzirisa mukugadzirira kwemaitiro akawanda. Mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirira kwebabbitt alloy coatings pamusoro pesimbi substrates nelaser cladding yakakwezva kutarisisa nekuda kwesimba rayo rekubatanidza uye kupfeka kwakanaka kuramba. Hao Yunbo et al. akagadzirira babbitt alloy cladding layers pamusoro pe20 simbi nelaser cladding tekinoroji uye akadzidza iyo microstructure uye bonding simba rebabbitt alloys. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare, laser cladding yebabbitt alloys yakavandudza simba rekubatanidza pakati pe substrate uye coating. Xu Tongzhou et al. yakagadzirira babbitt alloy cladding layers ine nickel shanduko pamusoro pe45 simbi substrates nelaser cladding tekinoroji. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti kupararira kwenickel kwakanatsa zviyo muchikamu chekuvhara uye kwakavandudza kusamira kwekupfeka kwebabbitt alloys. Nekudaro, hapana tsvakiridzo yakabatana pamusoro pelaser cladding yetin-based babbitt alloy self-lubricating kupfeka-resistant uye kukwesha-kudzikisa machira yakawanikwa mumabhuku akavhurika.

Kugadzirira kwekuzvizora-lubricating kupfeka-resistant coatings by Laser cladding tekinoroji tekinoroji iri kusimukira inounza zvinhu zvekuzvizora senge graphite, WS2, MoS2, Ag, nezvimwe muchikamu chekuvhara kuti uvandudze kusagadzika uye kudzikisira kweiyo cladding layer. Nekudaro, izvi zvigadziriso zvega zvinowanzoitika kune zvimwe zvinhu kana kuora mushure mekudziridzwa nelaser, uye iyo yekuzvizora mhedzisiro haina kunaka. Naizvozvo, iyo doping reshiyo uye magadzirirwo maparamendi ezviga-lubricating zvinhu zvinofanirwa kudzorwa zvakanyanya. Graphite ine yakanakisa yekuzvizora zvimisikidzo, yakakwira kunyungudika, uye yakaderera kupisa kwekuwedzera coefficient, uye yakanakisa yekuzvizora zvinhu. Nekugadzirisa girafu pamusoro uye kuisa electroplating layer pane graphite pamusoro, iyo graphite inogona kudzivirirwa zvinobudirira kubva kucarbonizing panguva ye laser cladding process. Liu et al. yakashandisa laser cladding tekinoroji kugadzirira nickel/graphite self-lubricating composite coating pamusoro pe42CrMo, uye yakavandudza mabatiro ekuita nekugadzirisa chiyero chekuongorora. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti apo chiyero chekuongorora chakanga chiri pasi pe 300mm / min, graphite yakavandudza kuoma uye kupfeka kwekudzivirira kwejasi. Raghuram et al. yakagadzirwa Fe-Ni/Gr inoumbwa yekupfekedza pamusoro peiyo yakaderera kabhoni simbi neyakagadzirwa hupfu nzira. Chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kwegraphite kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kupfeka kwejasi. Nekuwedzera kweiyo graphite yemukati, kuomarara uye kupfeka kusagadzikana kwejasi kunovandudzwa.

Nekudaro, chirevo chekugadzirira laser cladding babbitt alloy cladding layer ine graphite se doping zvinhu hazviwanzo kushoma. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti kunyorova kwegraphite kune babbitt alloy kwakashata uye haigone kuumba yakanaka metallurgical bond nebabbitt alloy. Chechipiri, mutsauko wehuwandu pakati pezviviri zvakakura, izvo zvinotungamira nyore kuunganidzwa kwegraphite uye kuderedza kuoma kwebhabbitt alloy. Matambudziko ari pamusoro apa anogona kudzivirirwa zvinobudirira nekugadzira mhangura yemhangura panzvimbo yegraphite. Mupepa iri, copper-plated graphite inoshandiswa sechinhu chekuzvizora. Kunyorova kwegraphite uye babbitt alloy kunovandudzwa nekuchinja kwemhangura. Iyo laser cladding babbitt alloy/copper-plated graphite self-lubricating cladding layer inogadzirirwa pamusoro pe20 simbi substrate. Mhedzisiro yegraphite pane iyo microstructure, graphite kugovera uye morphology, microhardness, kupfeka maitiro uye kupfeka kwemaitiro eiyo cladding layer inodzidzwa zvakarongeka. Mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa inogona kupa theoretical hwaro uye tekinoroji rutsigiro rwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kwelaser cladding babbitt alloy self-lubricating cladding layer.

1 Kuedza uye nzira

1.1 Kuedza zvinhu

20 simbi inoshandiswa seyakagadzika zvinhu, uye hwaro hwezvinhu saizi i100mm × 100mm × 10mm. Iyo base material surface inokwenenzverwa nesandpaper kuti ibvise oxide chiyero pane base material surface. Iyo yakakwenenzverwa base zvinhu inocheneswa mu ethanol ye 15min. SnSbCu11-6 babbitt alloy powder nehukuru hwehupfu hwe 100 mesh inosarudzwa sehupfu hwehupfu hwehuputi hwevhavha, uye makemikari anoumbwa anoratidzwa muTebhu 1. Copper-plated graphite powder inoshandiswa seyo self-lubricating reinforcement phase, uye iyo mhangura-yakaputirwa graphite particle size range ndeye 100 mesh (chikamu chiduku: Cu60%, C40%). 3% (chikamu chemazana) mhangura-yakavharwa graphite upfu uye 97% (chikamu chikuru) babbitt alloy poda yakasanganiswa zvakafanana muguyo rebhora nekukurumidza kwe100 r / min kwe100 min, kuitira kuti girafu yakavharwa nemhangura yakapararira zvakaenzana. mu babbitt alloy powder. Zvadaro, poda yakasanganiswa yakachengetwa pa50 ° C muvheni yekuomeswa kwemaawa matatu kuti ibvise unyoro muhupfu hwehuputi.

1.2 Midziyo yekuedza

Iyo laser cladding bvunzo yakaitwa pane Trudiode 3006 fiber laser. Iyo yakanyanya kubuda simba relaser ndeye 3000 W. Kuti kudzivirira oxidation yedziva rakanyungudutswa panguva yekuputira, argon gasi rakashandiswa kuchengetedza dziva rakanyungudutswa. Iyo DPSF-2 poda yekudyisa system uye coaxial poda yekudyisa laser head yakashandiswa kutakura hupfu kupinda mudziva rakanyungudutswa kuburikidza nepamusoro-kuchena argon gasi. Iyo laser cladding process paramita ndeiyi: laser simba 800 W, nzvimbo dhayamita 3 mm, scanning rate 1000 mm/min, hupfu hwekudyisa mwero 28 g/min, argon kuyerera 15 L/min, kupindirana chiyero 50%. Aya maparamendi ekugadzirisa anowanikwa kubva kune yekutanga cladding bvunzo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mhangura-yakapfekwa graphite haina carbonize panguva yekuvharira maitiro uye inogovaniswa zvakaenzana muchikamu chekuvhara.

Metallographic specimens akachekwa kubva kumasamples ekuvhara achishandisa muchina wekucheka waya. Saizi yemuenzaniso yaive 10mm×10mm×10mm. Mienzaniso yemetallographic yakagadzirwa nemaitiro ekukuya nekupukuta, uye zvienzaniso zvakasvibiswa ne4% (chikamu chechikamu) nitric acid-doro mhinduro kwemasekonzi gumi nemashanu. Kuumbwa kwechikamu cheiyo cladding layer yakaongororwa neX-ray diffractometer (XRD, Rigaqu, D/max15Pc, To-kyo, JAPAN), ichishandisa Cu-Ka radiation, scanning kumhanya ye2500°/min, scanning angle ye4°~ 10 °, tube voltage ye80kV, uye chubhu ikozvino 40mA. Iyo microstructure yecladding layer yairatidzwa neS15 scanning electron microscope (SEM, S-3400, Hitachi, Gemini3400Zeiss) ine simba dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Iyo acceleration voltage yaive 300kV uye nzvimbo yebeam yaive 20μm.

Iyo microhardness ye cladding layer nzvimbo yakaedzwa nekushandisa HVS-1000 Vickers microhardness tester ine test load ye1N uye nguva yekutakura ye15s. The test spacing yaive 500μm. Sample imwe neimwe yakayerwa ka10 uye avhareji kukosha yakatorwa kuderedza kukanganisa kwakagadzirwa panguva yekuedzwa. Iyo T-1000 yakakwirira tembiricha friction uye wear tester yakashandiswa kuita tembiricha yakaoma kutsvedza uye kupfeka bvunzo pamusoro peBabbitt alloy cladding layer uye Cu-Gr/Babbitt alloy cladding layer. Pamusoro peiyo bvunzo sampu yakakwenenzverwa isati yaitwa bvunzo yekupfeka kuti ibvise pesvedzero yemuyedzo weiyo roughness pane kupfeka kuita. Iyo GCr15 simbi bhora ine kuoma kwe60 HRCC yakashandiswa seyairi friction pabvunzo. Mutoro waive 3 N, iyo yekupfeka mavanga radius yaive 3 mm, kumhanya kutenderera kwaive 200 r / min, uye nguva yekupfeka yaive 20 min. Mushure mekupokana uye bvunzo yekupfeka, iyo morphology yekupfeka yakaonekwa nekuongorora electron microscopy, uye chiyero chekupfeka chezvikamu zviviri zvekupfeka chakaverengerwa neformula (1). W = V/S×L (1)

Ikoko: W ndiyo chiyero chekupfeka; V ndiyo vhoriyamu yekupfeka; S ndiko kureba kwekupfeka; L ndiwo mutoro wakaiswa.

Kuongorora nekukurukurirana

2.1 Macromorphology ye cladding layer

Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza macromorphology yeBabbitt alloy cladding layer uye Cu-Gr/Babbitt alloy cladding layer zvichiteerana. Sezvinoonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 1, iwo maviri akafukidzwa akaturikidzana akaenzana uye akaomeswa, asina kuremara senge pores uye makatsemuka. Uye zvakare, muMufananidzo 1 (b), diki diki twutema twunogovaniswa muchikamu chekuvhara, zvichiratidza kuti zvikamu zvegraphite hazvina kupiswa zvachose panguva yelaser cladding process.

2.2 Chikamu chekuumbwa kwe cladding layer

Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza X-ray diffraction spectrum yezvikamu zviviri zvebabbitt alloy cladding layers. MuCu-Gr/Babbitt alloy composite cladding layer, nekuda kweiyo yakaderera yemukati yekuwedzera Cu-Gr, hapana diffraction peak inoenderana negraphite inowanikwa. Kuumbwa kwechikamu chezvikamu zviviri zvekuvharisa α-Sn, SnSb, uye Cu6Sn5 zvikamu. Zvinoenderana neiyo Sn-Sb-Cu ternary alloy chikamu dhizaini, panguva yekusimbisa maitiro, iyo Cu6Sn5 nhanho yekutanga inonaya kubva muchikamu chemvura, ichiteverwa neiyo intermetallic compound SnSb chikamu, uye pakupedzisira α-Sn chikamu. Chikamu cheSb neCu chinonyungudika muSn kugadzira tin-based solid solution, uye chimwe chikamu cheSb, Cu uye Sn chinoumba intermetallic compounds SnSb uye Cu6Sn5.

Mufananidzo 3 unoratidza microstructure yeBabbitt alloy cladding layer uye Cu-Gr/Babbitt alloy cladding layer pasi pe optical microscope. Mumufananidzo 3 (a), kune rhombic precipitates uye yakanaka granular precipitates mu microstructure yeBabbitt alloy cladding layer, uye aya mazamu akaparadzirwa zvakaenzana muchikamu chekuvhara. Iyo rhombic precipitates iSnSb chikamu, iyo yakanaka granular precipitates iCu6Sn5 chikamu, uye dema matrix iri α-Sn yakasimba mhinduro. Pakati pavo, SnSb chikamu uye Cu6Sn5 chikamu chakaoma chidimbu chidimbu, uye α-Sn chikamu chakapfava matrix chikamu. Mufananidzo 3 (b) inoratidza iyo microstructure yeCu-Gr/Babbitt alloy cladding layer. Yakasanganiswa ne X-ray diffraction mhedzisiro, chikamu chekuumbwa kwezvikamu zviviri zvekupfeka hazvina kushanduka zvakanyanya. Iyo chena rhombic precipitates iSnSb chikamu, iyo yakanaka zvimedu iCu6Sn5 chikamu, uye dema matrix iri α-Sn yakasimba mhinduro. Kuenzaniswa neBabbitt alloy cladding layer, iyo microstructure yecomposite cladding layer inonatswa zvakanyanya, iyo inowirirana zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kweCu-Gr. Zvisinei, sezvo ruvara rwe α-Sn yakasimba mhinduro yakafanana neye graphite mushure mekuora, kuvapo kwegirafu hakuna kuonekwa pasi pemetallographic microscope.

Mufananidzo weSEM uye EDS chikamu chekugovera dhayagiramu yeCu-Gr / Babbitt alloy cladding layer inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 4. Pakati pavo, nzvimbo iyo chete Sn element inopfumiswa ndiyo yakasimba mhinduro α-Sn chikamu, iyo nzvimbo iyo Sn. uye Sb zvinhu zvakafumiswa pamwe chete chikamu cheSnSb, uye nzvimbo iyo Cu uye Sn zvinhu zvakafumiswa pamwe chete ndiyo Cu6Sn5 chikamu. Mukuwedzera, inogona kuoneka zvakajeka muMufananidzo 4 kuti graphite yakagoverwa zvakaenzana mumucheka wekuvhara, zvakadai sezvikamu zvitema zvinoratidzwa muFigure 4 (a) uye (b). Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva kune EDS spectrum kuti carbon element inonyanya kugoverwa munzvimbo yakasviba yebhuruu, kubva iyo inogona kufungidzirwa kuti nzvimbo yebhuruu yakasviba ndiyo graphite. Sezvo nzvimbo yakanyunguduka yeCu (1083 ℃) yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura yeBabbitt alloy (340 ℃), copper-yakavharidzirwa graphite inotora kupisa kwakawanda panguva yekunyunguduka, iyo inogona kunyatso kudzikisa kupisa uye carbonization yegraphite particles panguva yelaser. cladding. Mukuwedzera, iyo tsvimbo-yakafanana chimiro inonyanya kuwanikwa yakatenderedza graphite particles. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti graphite inotamba isiri-uniform nucleation basa panguva yekusimbisa maitiro, uye chikamu chemvura chine nzvimbo yakakwira yekunyungudika inonyanya kuita nucleates padyo negraphite. Uye zvakare, nekuda kweiyo isiri-uniform nucleation mhedzisiro yegraphite, saizi yezviyo zveiyo cladding layer inonatswa zvakanyanya.

The morphology of the bonding zone yeBabbitt alloy cladding layer uye Cu-Gr/Babbitt alloy cladding layer inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 5. Iwo maviri machira ekuputira anoumba tambo yakati sandara yesimbi yekubatanidza tambo pedyo nenzvimbo yekubatanidza, uye yakanaka metallurgical bonding inoumbwa. pakati pe cladding layer uye substrate.

2.3 Kuomarara kweiyo cladding layer

Mufananidzo 6 unoratidza iyo yepamusoro microhardness yeBabbitt alloy cladding layer uye Cu-Gr/Babbitt alloy cladding layer. Migumisiro inoratidza kuti microhardness yeBabbitt alloy cladding layer uye Cu-Gr/Babbitt alloy cladding layer i32.4HV uye 41.3HV zvichiteerana, uye kuomarara kwecomposite cladding layer kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya ne27%. Kubatanidza mamicrostructures ezvikamu zviviri zvekuvharira, zvinotendwa kuti kuvandudzwa kweiyo microhardness yeCu-Gr/Babbitt alloy cladding layer inogona kuverengerwa kune synergistic mhedzisiro yekuparadzira kusimba uye kusimba kwezviyo. Iyo synergistic kusimbisa mhedzisiro yeiyo microhardness yecomposite cladding layer inogona kuratidzwa se: Formula (2), apo: H0 ndiyo yepakati kuoma kweBabbitt alloy cladding layer; H O ndiko kuwedzera kwekuoma kunokonzerwa nekupararira kusimba kweSnSb uye Cu6Sn5 zvikamu zvakagoverwa zvakafanana mumucheka wekuvhara; Hg ndiko kuwedzera kwekuoma kunokonzerwa nekusimbisa zviyo zvakanaka.

Yakasanganiswa neMufananidzo 3, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kuwedzerwa kweCu-Gr kunonatsa zvakanyanya zviyo muBabbitt alloy cladding layer. Kunatswa kwezviyo kunogona kuwedzera nhamba yemiganhu yezviyo, nekudaro zvichikonzera kusimba kwemuganhu wezviyo. Kusimbiswa kwezviyo kunogona kurondedzerwa neukama hweHoro-Pech: Formula (3), apo: H0, k are constants; d iavhareji saizi yezviyo. Kuomarara kwechinhu chacho kunopesana nekukura kwezviyo, sezvinoratidzwa muFormula (3). Chikonzero chekuwedzera kwekuoma nekuda kwekunatswa kwezviyo ndiko kuwedzera kwemiganhu yezviyo, iyo inobata basa rinodzivisa mukufamba kwekuparadzanisa.

Imwe nzira yekusimbisa yekombiki yekupfekedza mutsara ndeyokuti kuwedzera kweCu-Gr kunotungamirira kukuwedzera kwenhamba yezvikamu zvechikamu chechipiri muchikamu chekubatanidza. Kupararira kwekusimbisa nzira yekombiki ye cladding layer inogona kuongororwa maererano ne classical Orowan theory: Formula (4), apo: G ndiyo matrix shear modulus; ivhareji yepakati yezvikamu zvakawedzerwa; chikamu chevhoriyamu chezvikamu zvakawedzerwa; b inogara iripo. Inogona kuonekwa kubva kuFormula (4) kuti iyo yakanaka particle radius uye yakawedzera vhoriyamu chikamu chinobatsira kuvandudza kuoma kwezvinhu. Kubva paiyo microstructure yejasi inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti chikamu chemvura muchikamu chekubatanidza chakakwana, chikamu chevhoriyamu cheCu6Sn5 chikamu muchikamu chekuvhara chinowedzera zvakanyanya, uye kupararira kusimba kweiyo composite. coating inonyanya kukosha. Naizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kweiyo microhardness yeiyo composite cladding layer inogona kuverengerwa kune synergistic mhedzisiro yezviyo muganho wekusimbisa mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekunatswa kwezviyo uye kuparadzira kusimba kwemhedzisiro kunokonzerwa nechikamu chechipiri kuwedzera.

2.4 Ongororo ye tribological zvimiro zve cladding layer

Iyo nguva-inosiyana-siyana-yakasiyana-siyana yeakaoma sliding friction coefficient yezvikamu zviviri zvekuvharidzira zvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 7. Avhareji friction coefficients yeBabbitt alloy cladding layer uye Cu-Gr / Babbitt alloy cladding layer ndeye 0.525 uye 0.359, maererano. Muchikamu chekutanga chekupfeka, mutoro wakajairwa unokonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwepurasitiki pamusoro peiyo cladding layer, iyo inowedzera kushata kwepamusoro kwejasi uye inoita kuti friction coefficient ye cladding layer iwedzere nekukurumidza. Sezvo kupfeka kunowedzera, friction coefficient ye composite cladding layer inoderera uye inoramba yakagadzikana. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti yechipiri kusimbisa uye kusimba kwezviyo kwakanaka kunovandudza deformation kuramba kweiyo composite cladding layer. Uye zvakare, iyo interlayer inotsvedza maitiro egraphite inoita iyo composite cladding layer inozvizora uye inogona zvakare kuderedza kukweshera kweiyo cladding layer. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti friction coefficient yeBabbitt alloy cladding layer yakakwira uye shanduko yakakura panguva yekupfeka. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti Babbitt alloy cladding layer inoshaya yekuzvizora zvivakwa. Uye zvakare, iyo Babbitt alloy cladding layer ine yakaderera kuomarara uye kusakwanisa kurwisa deformation, iyo inowedzera kushata kweiyo cladding pamusoro uye inotungamira kuwedzera kweiyo friction coefficient.

Kupfeka vhoriyamu uye chiyero chekupfeka kweBabbitt alloy cladding layer uye Cu-Gr/Babbitt alloy composite cladding layer yakaverengerwa neformula (1), uye mhedzisiro inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 8. Kupfeka uye chiyero chekupfeka kweBabbitt alloy. cladding layer uye iyo Cu-Gr/Babbitt alloy composite cladding layer ndeye 8.32 × 10-6 mm³, 2.61×10-6 mm³/(N-1·m-1) uye 4.54×10-6 mm³, 1.36×10-6 mm³/(N-1·m-1), zvichiteerana. Kupfeka vhoriyamu uye chiyero chekupfeka kweiyo composite cladding layer ingangoita 50% yeiyo yeBabbitt alloy cladding layer, iyo inoratidza zvakananga kuti iyo composite cladding layer ine zvirinani kupfeka kuramba kupfuura Babbitt alloy cladding layer.

Kuti uratidze mapfekero ezvikamu zviviri zvekuvharira, kupfekedzwa kwepamusoro kweiyo cladding layer kwakaratidzwa nekuongorora electron microscopy. Mufananidzo 9 (a) uye (b) unoratidza kupfeka mavanga morphology yeBabbitt alloy cladding layer. Zvinogona kuoneka zvakajeka muMufananidzo 9 kuti nekuda kwekuoma kwakadzika kweBabbitt alloy cladding layer, miforo yakadzika uye deformation yakakomba yepurasitiki inoonekwa pane yakapfekwa mavanga, ichiperekedzwa negomba. Kana iyo cladding layer ichiiswa pamutoro wakajairwa, iyo friction pair uye cladding layer inoburitsa tangential friction, zvichiita kuti iyo yakapfava matrix α-Sn iparare uye kunyura pasi, uye iyo yakaoma point zvimedu SnSb neCu6Sn5 kuti ibude, ichiita basa mukupokana. deformation. Sezvo mapfekero acho anowedzera, twunhu twakaoma twakabudikira twakadonha, uye zvimedu zvakawoma zvakadonha zvinopindazve munzvimbo yakapfekwa, zvichikonzera kupfekedzwa kwemiviri mitatu, zvichibva zvawedzera kupfekwa, kushanduka uye kudonhera kweiyo cladding layer. Mukuwedzera, nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekuita kweshear stress, iyo yakapfava matrix α-Sn uye iyo friction pair inopinda inotonhora welding, zvichiita kuti iyo yakapfava matrix iwire pasi uye inonamatira pamusoro peiyo friction pair. Sezvo kupfeka kunowedzera, iyo yakanamatira yakapfava matrix zvishoma nezvishoma inoungana pamativi ese evanga rekupfeka kuti igadzire dhizaini yekuchinjisa. Iyo yekupfeka michina yeBabbitt alloy cladding layer ndeye abrasive kupfeka uye anonamira kupfeka.

Kupfeka kwevanga morphology yeCu-Gr/Babbitt alloy composite cladding layer inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 9 (d) uye (f). Iyo grooves yekuputira yakasanganiswa haina kudzika uye shoma, uye deformation yepurasitiki haina simba. Iyo yekupfeka mashandiro eiyo composite coating inonyanya kupfeka abrasive. Kuvandudzwa kwekupokana kwekupfekedzwa kweiyo composite coating kunokonzerwa nekuvandudzika kwekuoma uye deformation kuramba kweiyo composite coating, iyo inopindirana nemutemo weArchard wekuti kupfeka kuramba kwechinhu kunoenderana nekuoma. Kuenzaniswa neBabbitt alloy cladding layer, iyo composite cladding layer ine yakawedzera vhoriyamu chikamu cheakaomeswa zvimedu mucomposite cladding layer nekuda kwekunatswa kwezviyo uye yechipiri yekunaya kwemvura kusimba, nekudaro inovandudza deformation kuramba kweiyo composite cladding layer. Uye zvakare, nekuwedzera kwekupfeka, zvimedu zve graphite zvakapararira mumucheka wekupfekedza zvinodonha uye zvinopinda munzvimbo yekupfeka, zvichiita matatu-miviri kupfeka. Nekuda kweiyo interlayer kutsvedza maitiro egraphite, graphite zvimedu zvinogadzira yakasimba lubricating firimu panguva yekupfeka, inonamira pamusoro peiyo cladding layer, uye kuderedza friction coefficient ye cladding layer. EDS poindi bvunzo yakaitwa pane 1 nzvimbo yeFigure 9 (d), uye iyo element test mhinduro inoratidzwa muFigure 9 (f). Pamusoro peSn, Sb, uye Cu zvinhu, kune zvakare akawanda eC zvinhu. Naizvozvo, zvinogona kuratidzwa kuti zvimedu zvegraphite zvinogadzira firimu rekuzora pamusoro peiyo cladding layer panguva yekupfeka, izvo zvinoderedza friction coefficient pakati pe friction pair uye cladding layer uye inovandudza iyo yekuzvizora zvivakwa uye kupfeka kuramba kweiyo. cladding layer. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo firimu yekuzora inogadzirwa nemagraphite particles inotadzisa kutonhora kwemoto pakati peiyo yakapfava matrix α-Sn chikamu uye friction pair, nekudaro kudzivirira kuitika kwekunamira kupfeka. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera kweCu-Gr kunogona kuita kuti iyo composite cladding layer ive yakakwira microhardness uye yekuzvinyudza zvivakwa, nekudaro ichivandudza kupfeka kuramba kweiyo composite cladding layer.

mhedziso

Babbitt alloy cladding layer uye Cu-Gr/Babbitt alloy composite cladding layer yakagadzirwa pamusoro pemakumi maviri esimbi substrate nelaser cladding tekinoroji. Iko kuumbwa kwechikamu, microstructure, microhardness uye kupfeka maitiro eCu-Gr cladding layer yakadzidzwa zvakadzika, uye mhedziso dzinotevera dzakatorwa:

(1) Iyo Babbitt alloy cladding layer uye Cu-Gr/Babbitt alloy composite cladding layer ine yunifomu uye dense chimiro chisina kuremara senge pores uye makatsemuka. Graphite iripo mumubatanidzwa cladding layer muchimiro chechinhu chimwe chete. Nekuda kweiyo heterogeneous nucleation maitiro, zviyo zveiyo composite cladding layer inonatswa zvakanyanya.

(2) Iwo maviri machira anonyanya kuumbwa α-Sn yakasimba mhinduro chikamu, Cu6Sn5 uye SnSb yakaoma point phase. Pakati pavo, iyo Cu6Sn5 chikamu mune inosanganiswa cladding layer inowedzera uye iyo α-Sn chikamu chinodzikira.

(3) The microhardness ye babbitt alloy cladding layer uye Cu-Gr/Babbitt alloy composite cladding layer ndeye 32.4 HV uye 41.3 HV, zvichiteerana. Iyo microhardness ye composite cladding layer yakawedzera zvakanyanya neinenge 27%, iyo inogona kuverengerwa kune yakanakisa kusimba kwezviyo uye yechipiri chikamu kusimbisa kunokonzerwa nekuwedzerwa kwegraphite.

• Iyo yekuzvizora ye graphite inoderedza zvakanyanya friction coefficient (0.359) uye chiyero chekupfeka checomposite cladding layer [1.36 × 10-6mm3/(N-1m-1)], iyo yakanyanya kuderera kupfuura friction coefficient (0.525) uye chiyero chekupfeka [4.54 × 10-6mm3/(N-1·m-1)] yebhabhitt alloy cladding layer. Uye zvakare, kuvapo kweiyo girafu yekuzora firimu zvinobudirira kudzivirira kuitika kwekunamira kupfeka, uye iyo yekupfeka michina yekombiki yekuputira inonyanya kupfeka abrasive.