Tin bronze chinhu chakakosha chekupfeka zvikamu uye chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mundima yeindasitiri. Iyo metallographic chimiro uye simba spectrum yeCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze yakaongororwa, uye CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze poda yakapfekedzwa pane 42CrMo alloy simbi substrate uchishandisa high-speed laser cladding maitiro ekuita bonding simba bvunzo. Mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa inoratidza kuti metallurgical bonding inowanikwa pakati peCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze uye 42CrMo alloy simbi substrate.

1. Kutsvaga mamiriro

Tin bronze inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda weindasitiri seimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvekukwenya uye kupfeka zvikamu. Nyaya iyi inonyanya kukodzera kune yakaderera-speed uye inorema-mutoro mamiriro. Mafomu makuru anoshandiswa mukutsvedza mabearings anosanganisira simbi imwe chete sleeve uye thrust bearings, powder sintered bimetal sleeves uye thrust bearings, centrifugally cast bimetal sleeve uye thrust bearings, kuruka simbi maoko chete, poda metallurgy single simbi maoko, etc. Laser cladding inzvimbo inoshanda kusimbisa uye kugadzirazve tekinoroji yekugadzirisa ine zvakanakira kubatana kwakanaka neiyo substrate, yakaderera dilution rate, uye diki kupisa-kukanganisa zone. Laser cladding inzira yakaoma yekubatanidza-parameter yekubatanidza. Maparamendi akadai sesimba relaser, laser scanning kumhanya, poda yekudyisa kukurumidza, uye nzvimbo dhayamita zvakakosha zvakanyanya kune kunaka kweiyo cladding layer. Laser cladding yekuwedzera yekugadzira yakadzidzwa mune zvakawanda zvinhu kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Nekudaro, kune yakajairwa laser cladding, hupfu hunotora makumi maviri muzana esimba, chiyero chekushandisa simba chakaderera, chiyero chedilution i20% ~ 5%, uye iyo inotevera yekugadziridza vhoriyamu yakakura mushure mekupetwa, uye mutengo wekugadzirisa. zvakakwirira. Kune yakakwirira-kumhanya laser cladding, hupfu hunogona kutora makumi masere muzana esimba, chiyero chekushandiswa kwesimba chakakwira, chiyero chedilution chinogona kunge chiri pasi pe15%, uye iyo inotevera yekugadziridza vhoriyamu idiki mushure mekuvharwa kwapera, uye kugadzirisa. mutengo wakaderera. Yepamusoro-yekumhanya kana kunyange yekupedzisira-yepamusoro-yepamusoro-kumhanya laser cladding tekinoroji inokwirisa iyo yakanyunguduka fomu uye simba kunyura reshiyo yehupfu, inowedzera chiyero chekuisa zvinhu, uye inowana yakakwirira-inoshanda, isina hurema, yakakwirira-chisungo simba, uye yakaderera- dilution rate cladding layer, iyo inobatsira kupfuura yechinyakare laser cladding. Iyo yepamusoro-yekumhanya laser cladding gadziriro yekugadzirira inoshandiswa kugadzirira tin-bronze alloy layer pane simbi shaft substrate, iyo inogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rekumhanya denderedzwa rinokonzerwa nekukwenya kunokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwenguva refu pakati peshaft sleeve nesimbi. substrate. Uye mushure mekunge tin bronze alloy layer yakundikana, inogona kugadziriswa nekubviswa uye yobva yapfekedzwa zvakare kuti iwane remanufacturing. Parizvino, pane zvidzidzo zvishoma pane yakakwira-kumhanya laser cladding yetin bronze poda pane simbi shaft substrates. Munyori anoshandisa high-speed laser cladding tekinoroji kupfekedza CuSn80Ni3 tin bhuronzi poda pa12CrMo alloy simbi substrate kudzidza iyo micro-kuumbwa uye kurongeka kwezvinhu uye macro-bonding simba rembiri-layer simbi zvinhu. Mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa inoratidza kuti CuSn2Ni42 tin bronze uye 12CrMo alloy simbi substrate yakawana metallurgical bonding.

2 Kugadzirira muenzaniso

Kuti udzidze zvizere kusimba kwechisungo chechinhu, masampula ekutsvagisa anotanga kugadzirirwa, kusanganisira masampuli endege anoshandiswa kuyedza kukanganisika kwezvinhu uye kuumbwa kwekemikari padyo nenzvimbo inosungirirana, uye masampuli akatenderera anoshandiswa kuyedza simba rekubatanidza zvinhu.

2.1 Kugadzirira kwehupfu

Iyo yakanyanya kuomeserwa saizi yehupfu, zviri nani kutenderera kwechimiro, uye kuwedzera yunifomu kugoverwa kwehupfu hunoshandiswa kune yakakwirira-kumhanya laser cladding, zviri nani kuyerera kwehupfu, uye kushomeka kushoma mushure mekuputirwa, kunyanya yekubatanidza. pamusoro, pachava nezvikanganiso zvishoma. Iyo CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze poda inoshandiswa nemunyori inowanikwa negasi atomization maitiro. Nheyo iyi ndeye kushandisa mhepo inomhanya-mhanya kuputsa mvura yemhangura alloy kuita madonhwe madiki, uye nekukasira kuitonhodza kuti igadzire zvidimbu zvesimbi. Iyo particle size inonyanya kuiswa mu 50 ~ 150μm, uye sphericity yakanaka, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1. Metallographic zviyo mukati metin bronze powder zvakanaka. Mufananidzo 2 (a) inoratidza akawanda equiaxed crystals, uye Mufananidzo 2 (b) inoratidza chikamu chiduku che dendrites. Mukuwedzera, iyo cross-sectional energy spectrum kuongororwa kwetin bronze poda inoratidza kuti kugoverwa kwemhangura, tini, uye nickel zvinhu zvakangofanana, uye hapana kusarura kunoitika.

2.2 Kugadzirira muenzaniso

Kugadzirira kwemuenzaniso kunotora yakakwira-kumhanya laser cladding process, umo mwenje sosi yelaser cladding midziyo ndeye fiber laser ine laser wavelength inosvika 1.06μm uye yakanyanya simba re6kW. Mushure mekunge laser yaburitswa kubva kune fiber yekubatanidza, inoshandurwa kuita mwenje wakafanana kuburikidza nelenzi inopindirana, yobva yatariswa kuburikidza neinotarisisa lens kuti iise simba pane imwe nguva, uye simbi inonyungudutswa pakutarisa kuti iwane laser cladding processing. Iyo coaxial annular gasi inotakura inoshandiswa kuendesa hupfu zvakaenzana. Iyo poda yekuunza gasi ndeye argon. Panguva imwecheteyo, argon inoshandiswa segasi rinodzivirira kuderedza oxidation yezvinhu panguva yekuvhara kwelaser. Kuti ubvise kupisa kwakanyanya kunogadzirwa nelaser mukuita kushandura simba remagetsi kuita simba rechiedza, uye kubvisa chikamu chekupisa chinotorwa nelenzi chinoratidza laser beam munzira yekunze yeOptical nzira, mvura inotonhorera inopihwa. iyo laser.

Ukobvu hweiyo cladding layer muchidzidzo chemunyori i1.2mm, kumhanya kwekuvhara i60 ~ 100mm/s, dhayamita yenzvimbo i2mm, huwandu hwekudyisa hupfu i40 ~ 50g/min, uye laser simba i4500kW ~ 4800kW.

Muenzaniso wendege wakagadzirirwa neyekumhanya-mhanya laser cladding process inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3, iyo inoshandiswa kuratidza uye kuongorora zvinhu zviri padyo nenzvimbo yekubatanidza yeCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze uye 42CrMo alloy simbi substrate. Mukushanda chaiko, zvinodikanwa kutora samples kubva kumuenzaniso wendege, uye wozogadzirira sampu ye metallographic chimiro chekuongorora uye simba spectrum ongororo. Iyo yakajairwa yekubatanidza simba yekuyedza sampu yakagadziridzwa neyekumhanya-mhanya laser cladding process inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 4, iyo inoshandiswa kuona simba rekubatanidza pakati peCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze uye 42CrMo alloy simbi substrate.

3 Hunhu uye kuongororwa kweyakakwira-kumhanya laser cladding zvinhu

3.1 Metallographic chimiro

Muenzaniso wakaiswa pakuongorora metallographic. Midziyo yekuongorora yakashandisa yakadzika-yakadzika yemunda microscope. Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza microstructure morphology yemuenzaniso isati yaora, uye Mufananidzo 6 unoratidza metallographic chimiro chemuenzaniso mushure mekuora. Mushonga unoshandiswa pamuenzaniso wekuora unoumbwa nemusanganiswa wezvinhu zvitatu: 10gFeCl, 6H, 0, 2mL hydrochloric acid solution ine density ye1.16g/mL, uye 98mL ethanol solution ine vhoriyamu chikamu che95%. Zvinogona kuoneka kubva kuMufananidzo 5 kuti CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze yakagadzirirwa neyakakura-kumhanya laser cladding process ichine mamwe pores, uye yakakura pore dhayamita i97.14μm. Inogona kuonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 6 kuti iyo metallographic chimiro chemuenzaniso mushure mekuora inonyanya dendrites padyo nepamusoro pekubatanidza, uye zviyo zvakaenzana zvinonyanya kuumbwa pedyo nechepamusoro peCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti iyo iri padyo nepamusoro, iyo yakakura dhigirii ye supercooling, zviri nyore kuita zviyo zvakaenzana, uye padyo nenzvimbo yekubatanidza, iyo diki dhigirii ye supercooling, iyo inonyanya kubatsira pakuumbwa kwe dendrite zviyo.

3.2 Kuongorora kwesimba kwesimba

Munguva ye laser cladding process, imwe huwandu hwezvinhu muCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze ichapinda mukati me42CrMo alloy simbi matrix uye kugadzira simbi yesimbi padyo nenzvimbo yekubatanidza. Chinangwa chekuongororwa kwesimba remagetsi panzvimbo yekubatanidza ndechekuti mwero wekunyungudusa weCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze hauna kukwirira, saka maitiro acho haaite mhedzisiro pakuumbwa uye mekiniki zvimiro zvetin bronze. Kunyangwe chiyero che dilution chisina kukwira, chikamu chidiki chezvinhu chinopinda mune alloy simbi matrix, zvichiratidza kuti metallurgical bonding inoitika padyo nenzvimbo yekubatanidza.

4 Bonding simba bvunzo

Mushure mekunge CuSn12Ni2 tin bhuronzi zvinhu zvakapfekedzwa pa42CrMo alloy simbi matrix neyekumhanya-mhanya laser cladding process, inoda kuve nehupamhi hwekubatanidza simba neiyo matrix kana ichishandiswa senge kukwesha-kudzikisa uye kupfeka-inodzivirira danda reinotsvedza. kubereka. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nekugadzirisa iyo yakakwirira-kumhanya laser cladding process paramita. Munyori akagadzirira zvienzaniso zvekuyedzwa kwesimba rekubatanidza zvinoenderana neyakajairwa yenyika GB/T12948-1991 "Kuparadza Kuedza Nzira yeBimetallic Bond Simba reSliding Bearings" uye vakaita bvunzo yesimba rekubatanidza. Kusimba kwegoho reCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze material ndeye 140MPa ~ 150MPa, uye simba rekusimba i260MPa ~ 300MPa. Kana simba rekubatanidza riri shoma pane simba regoho, kuputsika kuchaitika panzvimbo yekubatanidza. Kana simba rekubatanidza riri pakati pesimba regoho uye kusimba kwesimba, kutyoka kuchiri kuitika panzvimbo yekubatanidza, asi CuSn12 tin bronze body yakatobereka. Kana simba rekubatanidza rakakura kudarika simba rekusimba, kuputsika kuchaitika muCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze material body. Iyo yakajairika yekubatanidza simba bvunzo inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 8, uye mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 9. Sezvinoonekwa kubva Mufananidzo 9, iyo yakajairika yekubatanidza masimba emasampuli maviri mushure mekuedzwa ndeye 429.5MPa uye 326.6MPa, zvichiteerana, izvo dzakakura kudarika simba rekugadzirisa zvinhu, zvichiratidza kuti kusungirirwa kwechisungo chepamusoro kunodarika simba rekusimba reCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze. Kuputsika kwepamusoro kwemuenzaniso kunozivikanwa kubva pakuedzwa kuva CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze body, sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 10, iyo inosimbisawo kuti kusungirirwa kwesimba rekubatana kwepamusoro kunodarika simba rekusimba reCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze. Iyo yekubatanidza simba bvunzo mhinduro inoratidzawo kuti CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze uye 42CrMo alloy simbi matrix ine metallurgical bonding.

5 Mhedziso

Munyori akadzidza kuita kwekubatanidza kweCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze uye alloy simbi matrix yakagadzirirwa neyakamhanya-mhanya laser cladding process, uye akawana kuti CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze uye 42CrMo alloy simbi matrix yakagadzira metallurgical bonding.

Pedyo nenzvimbo yekubatanidza, CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze inonyanya dendrites. Pedyo nepamusoro peCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze, equiaxed makristasi anowanikwa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kutonhora kuri pedyo nenzvimbo yekubatanidza idiki uye kutonhora kuri pamusoro kwakakura.

Iyo dilution rate yeCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze neyekumhanya-mhanya laser cladding process haina kunyanya kukwira, saka maitiro acho ane zvishoma mhedzisiro pakuumbwa uye mechaniki zvivakwa zvetin bronze.

Kana iyo yakakwira-kumhanya laser cladding process paramita yakagadziridzwa kune yakakodzera paramita, iyo yekubatanidza simba rechisungo chepamusoro inogona kudarika simba rekusimba reCuSn12Ni2 tin bronze.