Chidziwitso: Pantchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma axles, kuwonongeka kwa ma axles makamaka kumaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa khoma lamkati mkati mwa msonkhano, kuwonongeka kosalekeza ndikung'amba pambuyo pakukokoloka ndi dzimbiri ndi dothi, kuwonongeka kwa kutopa komwe kumachitika chifukwa chozungulira. kupindika katundu panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndikuwonongeka kwapamtunda kwa chitsulo panthawi yoyang'anira ndi kutsitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chichotsedwe chifukwa cha kulephera kwa pamwamba. Poyankha mavutowa, CRRC-SP-13 alloy steel powder yopangidwa ndi CRRC Research Institute inasankhidwa kuti ipange chithandizo cha laser cladding pa EA1N axle yowonongeka, ndipo ndondomeko yatsatanetsatane ya laser cladding inakonzedwa kuti iwononge ndondomeko yokonza zitsulo kuchokera. mbali zitatu: pamaso kuphimba, panthawi yophimba, ndi pambuyo povala. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti chitsulocho chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pambuyo pake laser cladding chithandizo, ndipo palibe zolakwika zatsopano monga pores ndi slag inclusions zomwe zimapangidwa. Kutsirizitsa bwino kwa kafukufuku wa laser cladding process pa EA1N axle kuli ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa ekisiyo ndikuchepetsa kuchulukira kwa ekisi.
Mawu osakira: EA1N axle; kupanganso; kuyika laser; aloyi chitsulo ufa

Chiwonetsero cha 1

Pakali pano, ndi chitukuko champhamvu cha makampani zoweta njanji zoyendera, zida zoyendera njanji kwenikweni akwaniritsa palokha ndi lalikulu kupanga. Komabe, momwe makampani oyendera njanji angakwaniritsire chitukuko chobiriwira komanso chotsika kaboni ndi lingaliro latsopano lomwe gulu lapereka kwa onse ogwira ntchito m'makampani opanga njanji. Chitukuko chobiriwira komanso chochepa cha kaboni ndi chofunikira chosapeŵeka kuti dziko lipange njira yopangira zobiriwira, kutsatira njira yachitukuko chachilengedwe, ndikukwaniritsa "mpweya wa carbon ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni", komanso "ukadaulo wokonzanso ndi kukonza" ndi imodzi mwazinthu zotsogola kwambiri. njira zogwirira ntchito zobwezeretsanso zinthu. "Tekinoloje yokonzanso ndi kukonza" imatha kukulitsa moyo wonse wazinthu (kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito, kuchotsa, kukonzanso, kugwiritsanso ntchito, ndi kuchotsera), kukulitsa moyo wautumiki wazinthu, kupititsa patsogolo luso lazogulitsa ndi mtengo wowonjezera, ndikupereka chidziwitso pazogulitsa. kupanga, kusinthidwa ndi kukonza. Pomaliza, kukhazikika kwazinthu zonse kumatha kumalizidwa pamtengo wotsika kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa, ndipo mtengo womwe ungakhalepo wazinthu ukhoza kukulitsidwa, womwe uli ndi phindu lalikulu kwambiri pazachuma komanso pagulu. Choncho, m'pofunika kuchita ntchito yofufuza yoyenera pamakampani opanga njanji ndikuzindikira kugwiritsa ntchito mozama kwa "teknoloji yokonzanso ndi kukonza" m'makampani opanga zida za njanji mwamsanga.

Monga chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zamagalimoto oyenda njanji, ma axles amafunikira anthu ambiri komanso ndalama pakupanga kwawo. Popeza magwiridwe antchito a ma axles amakhudza kwambiri chitetezo chagalimoto yonse, pali zofunika kwambiri pazofunikira zosiyanasiyana za ma axles. Komabe, pakuyika ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ma axles, sikungapeweke kuti tokhala, zovuta ndi zovuta zina zichitike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chokwera chaka chonse, ndikuwononga kwambiri chuma. Chithunzi 1 ndi chithunzi chakuthupi cha kuchoka kwa axle ndi kupsinjika. Panthawiyi, ngati "teknoloji yokonzanso kukonzanso" ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ma axles, kuchuluka kwa zidutswa za ma axles kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Pakati pawo, laser cladding luso ndi mmene ntchito "remanufacturing kukonza luso".

Kafukufuku wakunja paukadaulo wokonza chitsulo cha axle laser cladding adayamba koyambirira. Mu 2013, SOODI et al. adagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 420 ndi ufa wa 17CrMoV5 kuti akonzenso zitsanzo za chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kuyesa kutopa kwa rotary kunatsimikizira kuti ufa wa CRMoVe unali ndi kukonza bwino. Komabe, zolakwika zatsopano monga ma pores opangidwa panthawi yokonzanso zidapangitsa kuti kufalikira kwa zotsatira zoyeserera kuchuluke.

M'malo ogulitsa njanji zapakhomo, mabungwe ambiri a CRRC, monga CRRC Sifang Co., Ltd., CRRC Qiji Co., Ltd., ndi CRRC Shijiazhuang Co., Ltd., achita kafukufuku pakugwiritsa ntchito kukonzanso luso. Qi Xiansheng et al. [7] adaganiza zokhala ndi kuthekera kwa kukonza kwa laser cladding kwa ma axles a EA4T. Mu 2020, Hou Youzhong et al. [8] a Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. adagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha CRH380A/AL EMU EA4T ngati matrix ndi aloyi ya NiCrMo monga zowonjezera, ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito njira yosankha ya laser cladding pokonzanso ndikuwunika. Zotsatira zinawonetsa kuti laser cladding effect inali yabwino.

Poganizira kuti kafukufuku wokhudza ma laser cladding process a EA1N ma axles kunyumba ndi kunja sali wangwiro mokwanira, komanso kuchuluka kwapachaka kwa ma axles a EA1N ndiakulu, pepalali limachita kafukufuku pakupanga laser cladding ma axles a EA1N, kulinga. kuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa ma axles a EA1N ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwawo.

2 Makhalidwe ndi maubwino aukadaulo waukadaulo wa laser additive

Jiang Jibin et al. anafotokoza mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ufa wa laser cladding. Malinga ndi kuphatikizika kwa mutu wa jakisoni wa ufa ndi mutu wogwirira ntchito wa laser, njira yodyetsera ufa imagawidwa m'njira ya coaxial powder feeder ndi njira yofananira nayo ufa. Kukonzanso kowonjezera kwa laser kwa chitsulocho kuyenera kutengera njira yodyetsera ufa wa coaxial. Chithunzi 2 ndi Chithunzi 3 ndi chojambula cha laser additive system ndi laser additive kukonza kupanga schematic schemagraph motsatana.

Ukadaulo wamakono wokonzanso ndiukadaulo wa laser additive kukonza, ukadaulo wokonza welding ndi ukadaulo wokonzanso kutsitsi. Poyerekeza ndi luso kukonza kuwotcherera ndi matenthedwe kutsitsi kukonza luso, laser zowonjezera kukonza luso ali ndi ubwino zotsatirazi.

(1) Kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu Mphamvu ya laser ili ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri, kuyika kwapang'onopang'ono kutentha, ndi madera ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ndiye kuti, kutentha kwa gawo lapansi kumakhala kochepa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso nthawi yayitali yotentha, kupsinjika kotsalira pakati pa kusanjikiza kokonzanso ndi gawo lapansi kumakhala kochepa.

(2) Mphamvu yapamwamba yachitsulo chokonzekera Chigawo chokonzekera chimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, ndipo pali mgwirizano wazitsulo pakati pa kukonzanso ndi gawo lapansi. Mlingo wa dilution ndi wocheperako ndipo mphamvu yolumikizana ndi yayikulu. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzanso magawo pansi pa katundu wolemetsa.

(3) High kukonza kusinthasintha Iwo akhoza kukwaniritsa lalikulu-makundi ndi lalikulu m'dera laser cladding pamwamba pa workpiece, kukwaniritsa zofunika kukonza pamwamba pa kutsinde mbali zazikulu ndi akalumikidzidwa, ndi kuzindikira "pafupi-ukonde mawonekedwe" remanufacturing wa madera osankhidwa a ziwalo zosalongosoka, ndi chilolezo chochepa chotsatira.

3 Ndondomeko ya ndondomeko

Pepalali limatenga ukadaulo wotsogola wamagetsi wa HXD2 monga chitsanzo potsimikizira. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mankhwala komanso zofunikira zazikuluzikulu za chitsulo cha EA1N axle alloy zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 1 ndi Table 2 motsatana.

Pofuna kuthetsa vuto la laser cladding la EA1N axle, CRRC-SP-13 alloy alloy powder powder yopangidwa ndi CRRC Research Institute inasankhidwa kuti ikhale ndi laser cladding ya EA1N axle. Mbali zitatu za pre-cladding, ndondomeko yophimba ndi chithandizo cha post-cladding zinayendetsedwa. Njira yeniyeni yopangira ma axle laser cladding ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4.

3.1 Kukonzekera musanavale

(1) Kuchiza ufa Kutengera zotsatira zoyeserera zam'mbuyomu, malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito a EA1N aloyi chitsulo, aloyi zitsulo ufa ndi tinthu kukula 53-150μm anasankhidwa kwa laser cladding. Pamaso cladding, ufa ayenera sieved ndi 80 mauna ufa sieve (kabowo pafupifupi 178μm) kuonetsetsa kuti palibe zosafunika ndi agglomerated ufa mu ufa, ndiyeno zouma mu ng'anjo zingalowe kuyanika pa 80 ℃ kwa mphindi 30. .

(2) Machining kuchotsa zolakwika Kuti muchotse zolakwika zapampando wa gudumu la axle, malowa ayenera kupangidwa. Zochita za Machining ziyenera kukwaniritsa mfundo izi:
1) Kutengera ndi kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu ndi zotsatira za ziwerengero, kuzama konse kwa makina opangira makina kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kapena kofanana ndi 95% ya kuya kwa chilema.
2) Kwa gawo limodzi, mpando wamagudumu a axle pambuyo popanga makina umatsimikizika kuti ulibe chilema.
3) Ngakhale mawonekedwe a chilema pa ekisi iliyonse ndi yosiyana, ma axle onse amtundu umodzi ayenera kugawana njira zamakina. Kutengera ndi mfundo zomwe zili pamwambazi, gudumu lonse la mpando wa gudumu limatembenuzidwa mofanana ndipo m'mimba mwake umachepetsedwa ndi 2mm. Palibe zofunikira zenizeni zomwe zimapangidwira pakuuma kwa makina.
(3) Axle pamwamba chithandizo Popeza pali zoipitsa monga kudula madzimadzi ndi odana ndi dzimbiri mafuta pamwamba pa chitsulocho pambuyo Machining, gudumu ayenera dzimbiri ndi degreased kuonetsetsa ubwino wa laser cladding pamwamba kukonza. Choyamba, yang'anani mowonekera chitsulocho kuti chikonzedwe, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito chopukusira ngodya popera ndi kuchotsa ziwalo za dzimbiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, onetsetsani kuti kugaya sikuyambitsa zizindikiro zopera zomwe zimakhala zakuya kwambiri kapena zokhala ndi m'mphepete mwake pamwamba, ndipo musawononge mbali zomwe sizinakonzedwe. Pambuyo popera, yesani m'mimba mwake gawo lomwe liyenera kukonzedwa, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mowa kuti muyeretse malo onse kuti mukonzedwe kuti muchotseretu madontho otsalira amafuta. Mukamaliza kuyeretsa, pewani kukhudzana ndi pamwamba kuti mukonzenso kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri.

3.2 Kukonzanso kwa laser cladding

(1) Laser cladding zida ndi ndondomeko magawo Kutengera zomwe kale anasonkhanitsa deta ndi makhalidwe a chitsulo cholimba chitsulo, ndi laser cladding ndondomeko magawo kuti zatsimikiziridwa ntchito kupanga laser cladding kukonza khwangwala pamwamba zolakwika. Tisaiwale kuti, poganizira kusiyana kwa hardware zosiyanasiyana, ndondomeko magawo okha ntchito laser zowonjezera kukonza odzipereka kuyesera nsanja. Zida zenizeni ndi magawo azinthu zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 3.

(2) Laser cladding njira kukonzekera Poganizira kuti chitsulo chogwirizira kukonzedwa ndi yosavuta cylindrical pamwamba, monga momwe chithunzi 5 (gawo lofiira), laser cladding njira akukonzekera ntchito mapulogalamu pamanja. Kutsatizana kwake kuli motere:

1) Yambani kuphimba kuchokera m'mphepete mwa malo okonzera chitsulo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikika ya mzere umodzi wozungulira.

2) Pambuyo pokonza mkatikati mwa malo ofiira, pangani zowonjezera zowonjezera za 1 ku mabwalo a 2 kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe malo omwe akusowa.

3) Gawo lofiira litavekedwa, pangani zotchingira m'mphepete pamphepete mwa shaft ndi m'mphepete mbali zonse za njirayo. Panthawiyi, mutu wophimbidwa ukhoza kupendekeka moyenera kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe nyama yosowa panthawi yokonza.
4) Pambuyo pazitsulo zamtundu umodzi zikamalizidwa, nsalu yonse yophimba imapukutidwa ndi chopukusira ngodya kuti ichotse mofananamo mbali zosagwirizana ndi kubwezeretsanso zitsulo zonyezimira pamwamba. Kuzama kwa kugaya ndi pafupifupi 0.3mm.
5) Pambuyo kupukuta kumalizidwa, masitepe 4 am'mbuyomu amabwerezedwa mpaka kuyika kwa gawo lachiwiri kumalizidwa. Panthawiyi, ziyenera kuwonetseredwa kuti m'mimba mwake pambuyo pa kuphimba ndi osachepera 2mm kuposa awiri oyambirira. Mukayika gawo lachiwiri, ziyenera kuwonetseredwa kuti mayendedwe apamwamba ndi apansi akugwedezeka.

3.3 Chithandizo cha post-cladding

(1) Kuchiza kutentha kwa m'deralo Pambuyo pokonzanso zowonjezera za laser, chitsulocho chimatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwanuko. Poganizira zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kukonza pamalopo, poonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kumapangitsa kuti gawo lapansi liwonongeke pang'ono, chowotchera chokhazikika chimasankhidwa kuti chizitha kutentha mumlengalenga. Kutentha kutentha ndi 500 ~ 550 ℃, ndi kutchinjiriza nthawi 2 ~ 3h. Panthawi yotentha ndi kuziziritsa, gawo lotenthetsera limakutidwa ndi thonje lotenthetsera kutentha kuti liwonjeze kuthamanga ndikuchepetsa kuzizira. Panthawi yotentha, chojambula chotenthetsera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira kutentha kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutentha kuli kolondola.
(2) Kuyesa kosawonongeka kwa magawo omwe adakonzedwanso kuti awonetsetse kuti kukonzanso kwazitsulozo kuli bwino, molingana ndi muyezo wa GB/T 18851.1-2012 "Kuyesa kopanda malire Kuyesa kwapakatikati Gawo 1: Mfundo Zazikulu", zolowera za fulorosenti. ndi nyali zakuda zowunikira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuyesa kosawonongeka kwa magawo okonzedwa. Pambuyo pozindikira cholakwikacho, cholowera chimatsukidwa ndi madzi oyera, ndipo mbali zake zimawumitsidwa mwachangu kuti zisachite dzimbiri.
(3) Mayesero olimba a magawo okonzedwanso a nsalu yotchinga Pamwamba pa nsalu yotchinga ndi yopukutidwa mopepuka ndi chopukusira ngodya kuti apange ndege yowala ya osachepera 1 cm2. Kuuma kwa kapangidwe ka cladding kumayesedwa ndikusungidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasonic hardness tester.
(4) Kupaka kwa dzimbiri ndi kupewa dzimbiri Chingwe chokonzedwanso chimatsukidwa ndikuyikidwa chizindikiro chisanakhazikitsidwe, ndipo anti- dzimbiri ndi anti-corrosion mankhwala amachitidwa. Kenako amapakidwa ndi kusindikizidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki lolimba losalowetsedwa.

4 Kutsimikizira koyeserera

Tengani chitsulo cholumikizira chamagetsi cha HXD2 kuti muwongolere luso laukadaulo monga mwachitsanzo, pokonzekera ma axle omaliza oyeserera, chitsulocho. kuyika laser ntchito yokonzekera inachitika molingana ndi otaya pamwamba khwalala laser cladding ndondomeko, ndi mankhwala ufa, gudumu mpando Machining kuchotsa zilema, chitsulo chogwira dzimbiri kuchotsa ndi kuchotsa mafuta zinatha; ndiye zida ndi njira zopangira zidatsimikizika, ndipo njira yopangira laser idakonzedwa. Chithunzi 6 ndi chithunzi chakuthupi cha axle laser cladding. Pambuyo pa chitsulo cha axle laser cladding, chitsulocho chinayesedwa ndi kutentha kwa m'deralo, kuyesedwa kosawononga kwa zigawo zomwe zakonzedwa, ndikuyesa kuuma kwa zigawo zomwe zakonzedwa. Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti laser cladding effect inali yabwino, ndipo palibe zolakwika zatsopano monga pores ndi slag inclusions zomwe zinapangidwa pambuyo pokonza.

Pakadali pano, laser cladding axle processing, kuzindikira kupsinjika kotsalira, kuyezetsa kosawononga komanso kuyesa kwa atolankhani a wheelset kwachitika, zonse zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira. Chithunzi 7 ndi Chithunzi 8 ndi chithunzi chenicheni cha axle pambuyo pa laser cladding ndi wheelset press test test picture, motsatana. Zimakhudzanso kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a ma axles opangidwanso ndi laser cladding, ndipo zimatha kupewa ngozi zazikulu zachitetezo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ma axles okonzedwa atagwiritsidwa ntchito.

5 Mapeto

Poganizira zovuta za njira zopanda ungwiro za laser cladding process komanso kusowa kwa kafukufuku pa EA1N axle laser cladding process, pepalali limasankha CRRC-SP-13 alloy steel powder yopangidwa ndi CRRC Research Institute for EA1N axle laser cladding, ndikuwongolera mbali zitatu za pre-cladding, cladding process and post-cladding treatment. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti axle laser cladding effect ndi yabwino kwambiri, ndipo palibe zolakwika zatsopano monga pores ndi slag inclusions zomwe zimapangidwa pambuyo pokonza. Kafukufuku wa EA1N axle laser cladding process adamalizidwa bwino. Kutsimikizira kwaukadaulo wa kukonza ma axle kukuchitika pakadali pano, ndipo zotsatira za mayesowa zimaperekanso maziko amalingaliro opangira njira zokonzetsera ma axle.