Tin bronze ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazovala ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale. Kapangidwe kazitsulo ndi mphamvu zamtundu wa CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze zidawunikidwa, ndipo CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze powder adavekedwa pagawo lachitsulo la 42CrMo alloy steel mkulu-liwiro laser cladding njira yoyesera mphamvu yolumikizirana. Zotsatira za kafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti kulumikizana kwazitsulo kumatheka pakati pa CuSn12Ni2 malata amkuwa ndi gawo lapansi lachitsulo la 42CrMo.

1. Kafukufuku

Mkuwa wa malata umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakuwombana komanso kuvala mbali. Izi ndizoyenera makamaka pazikhalidwe zotsika kwambiri komanso zolemetsa. Mitundu ikuluikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potsetsereka imaphatikizapo manja amodzi achitsulo ndi zitsulo zoponyera, manja a sintered bimetal ndi zitsulo zoponyera, manja a centrifugally kuponyedwa pansi ndi zitsulo zoponyera, kupota manja achitsulo amodzi, zitsulo zazitsulo zachitsulo, ndi zina zotero. kulimbikitsa ndi kukonzanso teknoloji yokonza ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mgwirizano wabwino ndi gawo lapansi, kutsika kwa dilution, ndi malo ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Kuyika kwa laser ndi njira yovuta yolumikizira ma parameter ambiri. Magawo monga mphamvu ya laser, kuthamanga kwa scanner ya laser, liwiro la kudyetsa ufa, ndi m'mimba mwake ndi zofunika kwambiri pamtundu wa wosanjikiza. Laser cladding zowonjezera kupanga zaphunziridwa mbali zambiri kunyumba ndi kunja. Komabe, kwa ochiritsira laser cladding, ufa umayamwa 20% ya mphamvu, mlingo magwiritsidwe ntchito mphamvu ndi otsika, mlingo dilution ndi 5% ~ 15%, ndi wotsatira processing buku lalikulu pambuyo cladding anamaliza, ndi processing mtengo. ndi mkulu. Pakuti mkulu-liwiro laser cladding, ufa akhoza kuyamwa 80% ya mphamvu, mlingo magwiritsidwe ntchito mphamvu ndi mkulu, mlingo dilution akhoza kukhala zosakwana 3%, ndipo wotsatira buku processing ndi laling'ono pambuyo cladding anamaliza, ndi processing. mtengo ndi wotsika. Ukadaulo wothamanga kwambiri kapena wothamanga kwambiri wa laser umakulitsa mawonekedwe osungunuka ndi kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwa ufa, kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa, komanso kumapeza mphamvu zambiri, zopanda chilema, zomangika kwambiri, komanso kutsika. dilution rate cladding layer, yomwe ili yopindulitsa kuposa yachikhalidwe laser cladding. Kukonzekera kothamanga kwa laser kothamanga kwambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zitsulo zamkuwa zachitsulo pazitsulo zachitsulo, zomwe zimatha kuthetsa vuto la mabwalo othamanga omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusokoneza kwa nthawi yaitali pakati pa mkono wa shaft ndi chitsulo. gawo lapansi. Ndipo pambuyo lalanje mkuwa wosanjikiza aloyi walephera, akhoza kukonzedwa ndi kuchotsedwa ndiyeno kuvalanso kuti akwaniritse kukonzanso. Pakalipano, pali maphunziro ochepa okhudza kuyika kwa laser kothamanga kwa tin bronze ufa pazitsulo zachitsulo. Wolembayo amagwiritsa ntchito luso lapamwamba la laser cladding kuti avale CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze ufa pa 42CrMo alloy steel substrate kuti aphunzire kaphatikizidwe kakang'ono ndi kapangidwe kazinthuzo komanso mphamvu zomangirira zazitsulo ziwiri zosanjikiza. Zotsatira za kafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti CuSn12Ni2 malata amkuwa ndi 42CrMo alloy steel substrate apeza mgwirizano wazitsulo.

2 Zitsanzo kukonzekera

Kuti muphunzire mokwanira mphamvu yomangira ya zinthuzo, zitsanzo zofufuzira zimakonzedwa koyamba, kuphatikiza zitsanzo za ndege zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zolakwika zakuthupi ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala pafupi ndi malo omangira, ndi zitsanzo zozungulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa mphamvu zomangira zakuthupi.

2.1 Kukonzekera ufa

Kuchulukirachulukira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kumapangitsanso mawonekedwe ozungulira, komanso kugawa kwa ufa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zothamanga kwambiri, kumapangitsa kuti ufawo ukhale wabwinoko, komanso zofooka zochepa pambuyo povala, makamaka zomangira. pamwamba, padzakhala zochepa zolakwika. CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze ufa wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wolemba amapezedwa ndi gasi atomization process. Mfundo yake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wothamanga kwambiri kuswa madzi a aloyi mkuwa kukhala timadontho ting'onoting'ono, kenaka kuziziritsa mwachangu kuti apange tinthu tating'onoting'ono tachitsulo. The tinthu kukula makamaka anaikira 50 ~ 150μm, ndi sphericity ndi zabwino, monga momwe chithunzi 1. The metallographic njere mkati malata mkuwa ufa ndi zabwino. Chithunzi 2 (a) chikuwonetsa makristasi ambiri osakanikirana, ndipo Chithunzi 2 (b) chimasonyeza gawo laling'ono la dendrites. Kuphatikiza apo, kusanthula kwamphamvu kwamagetsi amtundu wa ufa wamkuwa kukuwonetsa kuti kugawa zinthu zamkuwa, tini, ndi nickel ndizofanana, ndipo palibe tsankho lomwe limachitika.

2.2 Zitsanzo kukonzekera

Kukonzekera chitsanzo utenga mkulu-liwiro laser cladding ndondomeko, mmene kuwala gwero la zipangizo laser cladding ndi CHIKWANGWANI laser ndi laser wavelength pafupifupi 1.06μm ndi mphamvu pazipita 6kW. Laser ikatulutsidwa kuchokera ku cholumikizira cha CHIKWANGWANI, imasinthidwa kukhala kuwala kofananira kudzera mu mandala olumikizirana, kenako ndikuwunikiridwa kudzera pa disolo loyang'ana kuti iwonetse mphamvu panthawi imodzi, ndipo chitsulocho chimasungunuka poyang'ana kuti akwaniritse kukonza kwa laser cladding. Chonyamulira mpweya wa coaxial annular chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka ufa mofanana. Gasi wopereka ufa ndi argon. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, argon amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya wotetezera kuti achepetse makutidwe ndi okosijeni a zipangizo panthawi ya laser cladding. Pofuna kuchotsa kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa ndi laser pakusintha mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yowunikira, ndikuchotsa gawo lina la kutentha lomwe limatengedwa ndi lens lomwe likuwonetsa mtengo wa laser munjira yakunja ya kuwala, njira yoziziritsira madzi imaperekedwa. laser.

Kukhuthala kwa kusanjikiza kotchinga mu phunziro la wolemba ndi 1.2mm, liwiro la cladding ndi 60 ~ 100mm / s, m'mimba mwake ndi 2mm, kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi 40 ~ 50g / min, ndipo mphamvu ya laser ndi 4500kW ~ 4800kW.

Zitsanzo za ndege zokonzedwa ndi njira yotchinga yothamanga kwambiri ya laser ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa ndi kusanthula zinthu zomwe zili pafupi ndi malo omangirira a CuSn12Ni2 malata amkuwa ndi 42CrMo alloy steel substrate. Mu ntchito yeniyeni, m'pofunika kutenga zitsanzo kuchokera ku chitsanzo cha ndege, ndiyeno kukonzekera chitsanzo cha kusanthula kwa metallographic ndi kusanthula mphamvu. Chitsanzo choyezera mphamvu yomangirira chomwe chimakonzedwa ndi njira yotchingira yothamanga kwambiri ya laser ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mphamvu yolumikizana pakati pa CuSn12Ni2 malata amkuwa ndi 42CrMo alloy steel substrate.

3 Makhalidwe ndi kusanthula kwa zida za laser zothamanga kwambiri

3.1 Mapangidwe a Metallographic

Chitsanzocho chinayesedwa ndi metallographic analysis. Zida zowunikira zidagwiritsa ntchito microscope yakumunda yakumunda. Chithunzi 5 chimasonyeza microstructure morphology ya chitsanzo chisanachitike dzimbiri, ndipo Chithunzi 6 chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a metallographic a chitsanzo pambuyo pa dzimbiri. The njira ntchito dzimbiri chitsanzo wapangidwa osakaniza zinthu zitatu: 10gFeCl, 6H, 0, 2mL hydrochloric asidi njira ndi osalimba a 1.16g/mL, ndi 98mL Mowa njira ndi voliyumu kachigawo 95%. Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pa Chithunzi 5 kuti CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze yokonzedwa ndi njira yotchingira laser yothamanga kwambiri ikadali ndi ma pores ena, ndipo kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi 97.14μm. Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku Chithunzi 6 kuti kapangidwe kazitsulo kachitsanzo pambuyo pa dzimbiri makamaka ndi dendrites pafupi ndi malo omangira, ndipo njere zofananira zimapangidwa makamaka pafupi ndi pamwamba pa CuSn12Ni2 malata amkuwa. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti kuyandikira pamwamba, kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwakukulu, kumakhala kosavuta kupanga njere za equiaxed, ndipo pafupi ndi malo omangirira, kucheperachepera kwa kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumapangitsa kuti mapangidwe apangidwe. mbewu za dendrite.

3.2 Kusanthula kwamphamvu kwamagetsi

Munthawi ya laser cladding process, zinthu zina mu CuSn12Ni2 malata amkuwa zimalowa mu 42CrMo alloy steel matrix ndikupanga chomangira chazitsulo pafupi ndi malo omangira. Cholinga cha kusanthula kwamphamvu kwamphamvu pamalo omangirira ndikuti kuchuluka kwa dilution ya CuSn12Ni2 malata amkuwa sikwambiri, chifukwa chake njirayi imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pamapangidwe ndi makina a malata amkuwa. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa dilution sikuli kwakukulu, zinthu zochepa zimalowa muzitsulo zazitsulo za alloy, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti kugwirizanitsa zitsulo kumachitika pafupi ndi malo omangira.

4 Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa mgwirizano

Pambuyo pa CuSn12Ni2 malata amkuwa atavekedwa pa 42CrMo alloy steel matrix ndi njira yothamanga kwambiri ya laser, imayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yolumikizirana kwambiri ndi matrix ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wosanjikiza wochepetsera komanso wosamva kuvala wotsetsereka. kubereka. Izi zitha kupezedwa mwa kusintha magawo othamanga kwambiri a laser cladding process. Wolembayo adakonza zoyeserera zamphamvu yolumikizirana molingana ndi muyezo wadziko lonse wa GB/T12948-1991 "Njira Yoyesera Yowononga ya Bimetallic Bond Strength of Sliding Bearings" ndipo adayesa mphamvu zomangira. Mphamvu zokolola za CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze material ndi 140MPa ~ 150MPa, ndipo mphamvu yamakokedwe ndi 260MPa ~ 300MPa. Pamene mphamvu yomangirira ili yochepa kuposa mphamvu ya zokolola, kusweka kudzachitika pamtunda. Mphamvu yomangirira ikakhala pakati pa kulimba kwa zokolola ndi kulimba kwamphamvu, kusweka kudzachitikabe pamalo omangirira, koma thupi lachitsulo la CuSn12 latha kale. Mphamvu yomangirira ikakhala yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yokhazikika, kusweka kudzachitika mu CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze thupi lakuthupi. Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kumawonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 8, ndipo zotsatira zoyesa zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 9. Monga momwe tawonera pa Chithunzi 9, mphamvu zomangirira zokhazikika pamiyeso iwiri pambuyo pa mayeso ndi 429.5MPa ndi 326.6MPa, motsatana. ndi zazikulu kuposa mphamvu zamakokedwe za zinthu, kusonyeza kuti kugwirizana mphamvu ya omangika pamwamba kuposa mphamvu yamphamvu ya CuSn12Ni2 malata mkuwa. Kuthyoka pamwamba pa chitsanzo kumadziwika kuchokera ku mayesero kuti ndi CuSn12Ni2 tin mkuwa thupi, monga momwe chithunzi 10, zomwe zimatsimikiziranso kuti kugwirizana mphamvu ya omangira pamwamba kuposa mphamvu yamakokedwe CuSn12Ni2 malata mkuwa. Zotsatira zoyesa mphamvu zomangira zikuwonetsanso kuti CuSn12Ni2 malata amkuwa ndi 42CrMo alloy steel matrix ali ndi zitsulo zomangira.

5 Mapeto

Wolembayo adaphunzira momwe CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze ndi alloy steel matrix amagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndipo adapeza kuti CuSn12Ni2 tin bronze ndi 42CrMo alloy steel matrix amapanga zomangira zazitsulo.

Pafupi ndi malo omangira, CuSn12Ni2 malata amkuwa amakhala makamaka ma dendrites. Pafupi ndi pamwamba pa CuSn12Ni2 malata amkuwa, makhiristo ofanana amapezeka makamaka. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kuzizira pafupi ndi malo omangirirako kumakhala kochepa ndipo kuzizira pamwamba kumakhala kwakukulu.

Mlingo wa dilution wa CuSn12Ni2 malata wamkuwa wopangidwa ndi laser cladding wothamanga kwambiri siwokwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake njirayi imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pamapangidwe ndi makina a malata amkuwa.

Pamene mkulu-liwiro laser cladding ndondomeko magawo ndi kusintha magawo oyenerera, mphamvu yomangirira pamwamba kugwirizana akhoza kupitirira mphamvu yamakokedwe CuSn12Ni2 malata mkuwa.