A na-eji usoro stacking cross orthogonal rụọ ọtụtụ oyi akwa na ọtụtụ ngafe eriri laser mkpuchi na 20 mm oké Q345B obere carbon ígwè efere, na macroscopic morphology, microstructure, usoro mejupụtara, microhardness na corrosion iguzogide oyi akwa cladding a mụrụ. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na oyi akwa mkpuchi nke enwetara site na multi-layer na multi-pass laser wire filling usoro nwere ezigbo nhazi macroscopic na enweghị ntụpọ doro anya dị ka pores na cracks; ihe mejupụtara oyi akwa mkpuchi mpaghara mkpuchi, mpaghara overlap, mpaghara mgbanwe emetụtara, mpaghara ngwakọta na mpaghara okpomọkụ emetụtara; Nne na nna ihe Ọdịdị bụ tumadi ferrite na pearlite, na cladding oyi akwa microstructure bụ tumadi ferrite, widmanstaten na martensite; n'ihi mmetụta nke microstructure na ọka ọka, ike nke mkpuchi mkpuchi na-agbago n'ozuzu ya, na nkezi siri ike nke mkpuchi mkpuchi bụ 320.13 HV, nke dị elu karịa nke nne na nna; na 3.5% NaCl ngwọta, ọkpụkpụ polarization nke oyi akwa mkpuchi na-egosi mpaghara passivation, na nguzogide corrosion ya dị mma karịa ihe nne na nna. Usoro mkpuchi mkpuchi mkpuchi nke multi-layer na multi-pass laser nwere ike imezu ihe nkwadebe chọrọ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi na injinia n'ezie.
isiokwu: Q345B obere carbon ígwè; eriri eriri laser; cross orthogonal stacking; microstructure na Njirimara

Site na mmepe nke akụ na ụba na ọha mmadụ, ọchịchọ nke obodo m maka mmanụ na mmanụ gas na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye. Ilekwasị anya na nyocha na mmepe nke akụrụngwa mmiri bụ mkpa bara uru maka mmepe ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala nke obodo m [1-2]. N'ihi mgbagwoju anya ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke injinia mmiri, ha na-enwe ike imebi karịa ihe owuwu omenala. Ya mere, mmezi ngwa ọrụ injinia mmiri kwa ụbọchị abụrụla isi okwu nke kwesịrị idozi ngwa ngwa [3]. Q345B ígwè bụ a obere alloy elu-ike ígwè nwere ezi keukwu Njirimara na magburu onwe weldability. A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na injinia mmiri na ịrụ akwa akwa [4].

Dị ka teknụzụ mkpuchi mkpuchi na nrụzi dị elu, mkpuchi laser na-enye usoro nhazi ihe dị nso na ntanetị nke ọma maka nrụzi nkenke nke akụkụ ndị dị elu na nkwadebe nke mkpuchi nwere ihe onwunwe dị elu [5]. N'oge usoro mkpuchi nke multi-layer na multi-pass, mpaghara okpomọkụ emetụtara n'akụkụ weld dị n'akụkụ, na-eme ka ebe ndị na-agara usoro okpomọkụ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Microstructure nke mpaghara ndị a dị mgbagwoju anya [6], na usoro nhazi microstructure, recrystallization rate, precipitate scale and inclusion morphology na-agbanwe na-aga n'ihu n'ime usoro a [7]. Ya mere, n'oge multi-layer na multi-pass cladding usoro, a na-enwekarị ihe ndị na-adịghị ike na ebe a na-ekpuchi ihe, nke na-adịkarị mfe ịda mbà n'oge eji. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ahụkarị corrosion electrolytic na corrosion nrụgide n'akụkụ nkwonkwo welded nke arịa nrụgide n'oge eji [8].

Wu et al. [9] eji teknụzụ mkpuchi laser iji kwado akwa mkpuchi mkpuchi Mo2NiB2 na-aga n'ihu na nke igwe nchara. Ihe mkpuchi ahụ nwere ihe siri ike dị elu, nkwụsị nke ọma na nkwụsị nke corrosion, na-eme ka arụ ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ahụ dịkwuo mma, ma na-eme ka ọrụ dị mma ma kwụsie ike nke akụrụngwa injinia mmiri. Li et al. [10] ejiri eriri eriri laser rụzie akụkụ ndị mebiri emebi nke elu igwe anaghị agba nchara 316L wee nweta akwa mkpuchi mkpuchi multi-pass multi-layer nke igwe anaghị agba nchara 308L. Ihe mkpuchi a bụ nke austenite na obere ferrite, nke nwere ike ịgbatị na elongation nke 548MPa na 40%, n'otu n'otu, nke bụ ihe dịka 86% na 74% nke mkpụrụ.

N'akwụkwọ a, teknụzụ mkpuchi waya laser a na-eji akwado Q345B laser cladding oyi akwa site na cross orthogonal stacking. A na-amụ morphology macroscopic, microstructure, usoro nhazi, microhardness na corrosion resistance nke multi-layer multi-pass cladding Layer, nke na-enye ihe ndabere maka nrụzi na saịtị nke injinia mmiri.

1 Nnwale mkpuchi mkpuchi laser

1.1 Ihe nnwale

Ihe nnwale nnwale bụ Q345B carbon steel, ihe mkpuchi waya bụ AFEW6-86 alloy steel waya nwere dayameta nke 1.2 mm. E gosipụtara ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ abụọ ahụ na tebụl 1.

1.2 Multi-layer na multi-pass laser waya cladding usoro
N'ime ngwa injinia n'ezie, ndị agha ga-emetụta akụkụ dị iche iche n'oge ọrụ, yabụ ekwesịrị ịtụle mmetụta nke anisotropy. Iji belata mmetụta nke anisotropy, a na-eme atụmatụ ụzọ nke oyi akwa mkpuchi, ntụziaka mgbakwunye nke welds n'otu oyi akwa ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ntụziaka nke welds na n'akụkụ stacking n'akụkụ bụ perpendicular na ibe ha, na n'ígwé bụ. orthogonal. A na-egosi ụzọ mkpọkọta ụzọ obe-orthogonal ya na eserese 1.

N'oge nnwale mkpuchi, gas na-echebe bụ gas argon dị ọcha yana ịdị ọcha gas nke 99.99%. Nke mbụ, a na-eme nnwale orthogonal site na iji usoro mkpuchi nke otu oyi akwa otu ụzọ iji chọpụta usoro usoro kachasị mma maka mkpuchi otu ngafe; mgbe ahụ, a multi-layer otu ngafe stacking usoro e ji amụ mmetụta nke ibuli elu n'etiti n'ígwé na weld akpụ àgwà, na a multi-layer otu-pass weld na a ogologo cladding oyi akwa na ezi akpụ mmetụta nwetara. Dabere n'ihe ndị a dị n'elu, a na-amụ mmetụta nke ọnụego dị iche iche na-etolite n'ịdị mma nke oyi akwa mkpuchi, wee chọpụta na mgbe ọnụego nchikota dị 40%, ịdị elu dị n'etiti ngafe ọ bụla nke oyi akwa mkpuchi ahụ bụ otu. Nhazi elu dị ntakịrị, na njikọ metallurgical n'etiti ngafe ọ bụla kacha sie ike. Ịkwalite elu n'etiti ọkwa nnwale bụ 0.8 mm maka nke ọ bụla n'ime ọkwa abụọ mbụ na 0.7 mm maka nke ọ bụla n'ime ọkwa ndị na-esote. E gosipụtara parampat nnwale ndị akọwapụtara na Tebụl 2.

1.3 Usoro nyocha na nyocha nke oyi akwa mkpuchi
A na-eji ịcha waya gbutu ihe nlele metallographic site na oyi akwa mkpuchi multi-layer na ọtụtụ ngafe. Ewubere elu nlele ahụ mgbe etinyere ya na resin epoxy n'ime ụlọ okpomọkụ. A na-eji akwụkwọ akpụkpọ anụ dị iche iche eme ihe na-ekpocha ọkụ ruo mgbe ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla fọdụrụnụ. Mgbe ahụ, a na-eji igwe na-egbuke egbuke mee ihe nlele ahụ iji nweta akụkụ cross nke metallographic nke nwere mmetụta enyo. A na-emebi ihe nlele ahụ na mmanya mmanya 4% nitric acid iji wepụ ihe mkpuchi oyi akwa a na-ahụ anya, kpochaa ya na mmanya ma kpoo ya, wee hụ microstructure nke ihe nlele ahụ na microscope metallographic; A na-enyocha usoro nhazi na evolushọn nke oyi akwa mkpuchi ma nyochaa na nso nke 30 ° ~ 100 ° site na iji teknụzụ diffraction X-ray; A na-eme nyocha ihe nyocha kemịkalụ nke oyi akwa mkpuchi site na iji spectrometer ike; A nwalere microhardness nke mpaghara dị iche iche nke akụkụ obe mkpuchi mkpuchi site na iji ihe nleba anya nke HVS-1000Z Vickers; A na-anwale eriri polarization na ihe nhụsianya nke mkpuchi mkpuchi na ihe nne na nna na 3.5% NaCl ngwọta site na iji VersaSTAT 3F electrochemical workstation na juputara calomel electrode dị ka electrode ntụaka na platinum electrode dị ka ihe inyeaka electrode, na ha corrosion resistance. e jiri tụnyere ma nyochaa.

2 Nsonaazụ nnwale na nyocha
2.1 Nyocha macromorphology nke oyi akwa mkpuchi
A kwadebere oyi akwa mkpuchi mkpuchi nke waya laser site na nnwale stacking cross-orthogonal nke 29 (ogologo) × 15 (obosara) × 12 n'ígwé (ịdị elu). Ngwunye mkpuchi nwere mmetụta dị mma na-emepụta ihe, elu dị mma, enweghị ntụpọ macro dị ka mgbawa na nke a na-ejighị, na elu kwụ ọtọ doro anya. The macroscopic morphology nke cladding oyi akwa na-egosi na Figure 2. N'oge multi-layer multi-pass laser cladding nnwale, na cladding usoro nke ikpeazụ oyi akwa ga-emepụta a remelting mmeghachi omume na gara aga cladding oyi akwa, na-eme ka a mgbada ala na. nsọtu oyi akwa mkpuchi. N'otu oge ahụ, n'oge usoro mkpuchi, n'ihi ntakịrị oge na mmalite na ntụziaka njedebe nke mmepụta ọkụ laser, ịdị elu nke nsọtụ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi ga-adị ntakịrị karịa akụkụ nke etiti.

Ọgụgụ 3 na-egosi mpụta akụkụ nke akụkụ nke ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi laser multi-pass multi-layer. Enweghị ntụpọ dị ka pores, mgbawa na ntinye ahụrụ. E hiwere nnukwu njikọ ọla n'etiti igwe mkpuchi na ihe ala. Enwere elu kwụ ọtọ pụtara ìhè, na ọkpụrụkpụ nke oyi akwa mkpuchi bụ 11.5 mm.

2.2 Microstructure nyocha nke oyi akwa mkpuchi
Ndochi nke ọdọ mmiri ịgbado ọkụ bụ usoro mgbanwe nke akụkụ, na microstructure nke mgbanwe usoro na-adabere na nhazi kemịkalụ na ọnọdụ jụrụ oyi nke igwe weld [11]. A na-ahụ microstructure nke mpaghara ọ bụla nke oyi akwa mkpuchi site na iji microscope metallographic, dị ka egosiri na foto 4. Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi na-agụnye mpaghara mkpuchi (mpaghara cladded, CZ), mpaghara mkpuchi (mpaghara kpuchiri, OZ), usoro nhazi. Mgbanwe emetụtara mpaghara (mpaghara emetụta mpaghara mgbanwe, PAZ), mpaghara ngwakọta (mpaghara ngwakọta, FZ), mpaghara okpomọkụ emetụtara (mpaghara okpomọkụ emetụtara, HAZ) na isi ígwè (isi metal, BM) [12]. Microstructure metal ntọala bụ nke ferrite na obere pearlite mejupụtara. Isi ihe Mn agbakwunyere na ígwè Q345B abụghị naanị na-enwe mmetụta dị ike na ferrite, kamakwa ọ na-ebelata okpomọkụ mgbanwe siri ike-brittleness, na-abawanye ụba nke pearlite, na-eme ka ike nke pearlite dịkwuo mma.

Ọgụgụ 4 (a) na-egosi microstructure nke ebe mkpuchi n'ime oyi akwa mkpuchi, nke mejupụtara ferrite na agịga, widmanstaten na obere ego nke lath martensite. N'ihi ọkwa dị iche iche, mkpuchi mkpuchi ọ bụla ga-emepụta mmetụta na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi akwa gara aga, na-eme ka nhazi ọka na-edozi edozi ma kpochapụ oke ọka; Ọnụọgụ 4 (b) na (b-1) na-egosi microstructure nke mpaghara ngwakọta, nke mejupụtara ferrite na widmanstatten na nkesa ọka na-enweghị isi; Onyonyo 4 (d) na-egosi microstructure nke nkpuchi nke welds abụọ n'ime oyi akwa mkpuchi. Ebe na-egbuke egbuke na ọnụ ọgụgụ a bụ ahịrị njikọ dị n'etiti weld abụọ ahụ. N'oge usoro jụrụ oyi, ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ ga-etolite columnar ferrite n'akụkụ ntụzịaka ikposa ọkụ. Ya mere, mpaghara a na-abụkarị nke columnar ferrite na obere pearlite, dị ka egosiri na foto 4 (d-1). N'ihi arụmọrụ ọkụ okpukpu abụọ, ebe a na-ejikọta ya nwere nhazi ọka otu; Ọgụgụ 4 (d-2) bụ mpaghara mgbanwe emetụtara, bụ nke mejuputara nke ferrite na Widmanstaten. N'ihi mmetụta nke oge mgbanwe okpomọkụ, oke ọka nke mpaghara a dị ntakịrị karịa nke ebe a na-ekpuchi; Ọgụgụ 4 (e-1) bụ microstructure nke mpaghara okpomọkụ emetụtara. N'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, ebe mkpuchi dị ala na-ewe iwe, nke na-eme ka nhazi nke mpaghara a nụchaa na nkesa ọka. Ọ na-abụkarị nke ferrite mara mma na obere pearlite. Ferrite mara mma bụ ngwaahịa mgbanwe n'etiti ferrite na bainite. Ọ bụ microstructure bara uru na usoro ịgbado ọkụ n'igwe [11].

Ọgụgụ 5 bụ microstructure nke oyi akwa mkpuchi ikpeazụ. A naghị edobe oyi akwa a na kpo oku nke abụọ. Tụnyere n'ígwé ndị ọzọ, ọ nwere ike idowe ọdịdị ọdịdị mbụ. Nha ọka ya bụ otu na nhazi ya dịkwa oke. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ ferrite, Widmanstaten na lath martensite.

2.3 XRD na EDS nyocha nke oyi akwa mkpuchi
Iji nyochaa usoro nhazi nke oyi akwa mkpuchi laser, a na-egbutu ihe nlele nwere nha 10 mm × 10 mm × 8 mm site na ịkpụ waya, a na-eme nyocha nyocha nke diffraction X-ray mgbe egweri na polishing. Ọgụgụ 6 na-egosi ụdịdị dị iche iche nke XRD nke oyi akwa mkpuchi mkpuchi multi-pass laser yana ihe nne na nna. Ijikọta microstructure na nsonaazụ XRD dị iche iche, enwere ike ịhụ na oyi akwa mkpuchi bụ nke nwere nnukwu ego nke ferrite, akụkụ nke martensite na widmanstattenite, na enweghị usoro ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ pụtara. Ebe ọ bụ na a ga-emepụta columnar ferrite n'ime usoro jụrụ oyi nke ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ nke laser, oyi akwa mkpuchi nwere nnukwu ferrite. Mgbe ntinye ọkụ nke laser buru ibu n'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, microstructure nke oyi akwa mkpuchi ga-agbaze ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, na ọka ga-abawanye. N'oge a, ihe owuwu ahụ ga-apụta ekpo oke ọkụ widmanstattenite na lath martensite, na ihe owuwu abụọ ahụ na-ama jijiji.

A na-enyocha ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ site na nyocha ihe n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke akụkụ obe sample. E gosipụtara ọnọdụ nyocha ihe na eserese 7, na nsonaazụ nyocha EDS nke mpaghara dị iche iche gosipụtara na Tebụl 3. N'ihi nnukwu ọdịnaya nke Cr na Ni element na waya ịgbado ọkụ, ọdịnaya Cr na Ni nke oyi akwa mkpuchi dị oke mkpa. dị elu karịa nke ihe nne na nna, na-eme ka ihe mgbochi corrosion nke oyi akwa mkpuchi dị mma karịa nke nne na nna.

2.4 Microhardness nyocha nke oyi akwa mkpuchi
A tụrụ microhardness nke sample. N'oge ule ahụ, ibu ahụ bụ 1000 g, oge njide bụ 10 s, ụzọ nha dị n'akụkụ ntụziaka site na ihe nne na nna na mpaghara mkpuchi, na etiti n'etiti ihe nlele abụọ dị n'akụkụ bụ 1 mm. E gosipụtara nkesa microhardness site na ihe nne na nna na mpaghara mkpuchi na foto 8. Nkezi microhardness nke ihe nne na nna bụ 172.02 HV, na nkezi microhardness nke oyi akwa mkpuchi bụ 320.13 HV. Microstructure nke oyi akwa mkpuchi ikpeazụ nwere nnukwu ferrite, widmanstattenite na obere obere lath martensite na pearlite. Uru isi ike nke mpaghara microstructure a bụ nke kachasị elu, nke bụ 325.92HV. Nkezi siri ike nke oyi akwa mkpuchi dị elu karịa nke ihe nne na nna, na-ezute ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ike nrụzi. Dị ka e gosiri na foto 8, a na-ekesa ike nke ebe mkpuchi ahụ n'ụzọ yiri nzọụkwụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na na usoro nke multi-layer na multi-pass laser ndochi, onye ọ bụla cladding oyi akwa ga-enwe post-heating tempering mmetụta na gara aga oyi akwa n'oge e guzobere usoro, na a preheating mmetụta na-esote oyi akwa. Nke ikpeazụ cladding oyi akwa nwere a preheating mmetụta na-enweghị post-ekpo ọkụ tempering, nke na-akwalite edo ọka ukpụhọde na budata mma ekweghị ekwe.

2.5 Nyocha nke nguzogide corrosion nke oyi akwa mkpuchi
A na-eme ọtụtụ corrosion metal n'ụdị corrosion electrochemical, usoro corrosion na-esonyere na ọgbọ nke ugbu a, dịka batrị bụ isi [13-14]. Iji nwalee arụmọrụ corrosion electrochemical nke multi-layer na multi-pass cladding oyi akwa, etinyere ihe nlele ahụ na 3.5% NaCl ngwọta iji nwalee Tafel polarization curve na impedance spectrum.

A na-egosi akụkụ nke polarization nke oyi akwa mkpuchi na ihe ndabere na Figure 9. Enwere ike ịhụ na ọkpụkpụ polarization nke oyi akwa mkpuchi nwere mpaghara passivation, na-egosi na a na-emepụta ihe nkiri oxide dị ukwuu n'elu elu nke mkpuchi mkpuchi n'oge. usoro corrosion. Ihe ndị dị ka Cr, Ni, na Si na ihe nkiri oxide na-eme ka nkwụsi ike na-agafe agafe, na-egbochi mgbasa nke ion, ma melite nguzogide corrosion. The onwe-corrosion ikike Ecorr na onwe-corrosion ugbu njupụta Icorr nke cladding oyi akwa na isi ihe na-enwetara site data dabara adaba, dị ka e gosiri na Tebụl 4. The onwe-corrosion ikike Ecorr nke a metal na ihe electrolyte ngwọta na-egosipụta mmetụta uche ya na ya. corrosion na bụ ihe na-egosi nguzogide ihe onwunwe na corrosion electrochemical. Obere ikike imebi onwe ya, ka ọ dị mfe maka igwe ahụ na-efunahụ eletrọn ma na-esiwanye ike nguzogide corrosion ya; ka ọ na-esiwanye ike nrụrụ onwe ya, ka ọ na-esikwu ike maka igwe eletrọn ka ọ na-efunahụ ya ma na-esiwanye ike nguzogide corrosion ya[14]. Dị ka a na-ahụ na Tebụl 4, ikike nke imebi onwe ya nke oyi akwa mkpuchi dị elu karịa nke ihe ndabere, na-egosi na oyi akwa mkpuchi nwere nguzogide corrosion siri ike. Icorr dị ugbu a njupụta nke onwe ya dabara na ọnụego corrosion. Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion dị ugbu a dị ukwuu, ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion nke ihe ahụ na-eme ngwa ngwa na nke ka njọ na-eguzogide corrosion. Dị ka a na-ahụ na data dị na Tebụl 4, ihe na-emebi onwe ya nke isi ihe dị elu dị elu karịa nke oyi akwa mkpuchi, na-egosi na nguzogide corrosion nke isi ihe adịghị mma. Ya mere, site n'ịtụle nha nke ike imebi onwe ya na nke ugbu a na-emebi onwe ya, enwere ike ikwubi na nkwụsị nke ihe mkpuchi nke mkpuchi mkpuchi dị mma karịa nke ihe isi.

A nwalere oyi akwa mkpuchi na ihe ndabere site na impedance spectroscopy (EIS), na ihe ngosi impedance spectrum Nyquist plots nke ihe atụ abụọ ahụ ka egosiri na Figure 10. Z' na Z" bụ akụkụ dị adị na nke a na-eche n'echiche nke impedance Z tụrụ, n'otu n'otu. . Ma oyi akwa mkpuchi na isi ihe na-eweta otu njirimara arc capacitive. Ka nnukwu radius capacitive arc na-ebuwanye ibu, na-abawanye nkwụsị nke ihe nlele ahụ ma na-esiwanye ike nguzogide corrosion. Dị ka egosiri na eserese 10, radius capacitive arc nke oyi akwa mkpuchi dị nnọọ ukwuu karịa nke isi ihe. Ya mere, nguzogide polarization nke oyi akwa mkpuchi ka ukwuu, na-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion nke oyi akwa mkpuchi dị ala na nkwụsị nke corrosion siri ike, nke na-adabere na nsonaazụ nke ike na-agbanwe agbanwe.

Na nchịkọta, nguzogide corrosion nke oyi akwa mkpuchi dị mma karịa nke ihe ndabere. Nke mbụ, ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-eji waya ịgbado ọkụ AFEW6-86, nke nwere ọdịnaya Cr na Ni dị elu karịa ihe ndabere, nke mere na oyi akwa mkpuchi nwere nnukwu nguzogide oxidation na nguzogide corrosion. Na gburugburu ebe obibi na-emebi emebi, mgbe Cr na-emeghachi ihe na ihe O, a ga-emepụta ihe nkiri oxide na-eguzogide corrosion n'elu, nke ga-ekewapụ elu igwe na ihe na-emebi emebi, belata usoro mgbasa nke anode, ma belata mgbasa. ọnụego nke cladding metal, si otú ahụ na-eme ka corrosion nguzogide nke cladding oyi akwa. A na-emeziwanye nguzogide corrosion[15-16]. Ihe nke abụọ kpatara ya bụ na nkesa nha ọka na oyi akwa mkpuchi na-adịwanye mma n'ihi mmụba nke ntinye ọkụ.

Nkọwa 3
(1) Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi nwetara site na multi-layer na multi-pass usoro ịgbado ọkụ laser waya nwere ezigbo nhazi macroscopic, enweghị ntụpọ doro anya dị ka pores na cracks, na ezigbo njikọ metallurgical na-etolite n'etiti oyi akwa mkpuchi na ihe nne na nna. Enwere ikpo okwu kwụ ọtọ, na ọkpụrụkpụ nke oyi akwa mkpuchi bụ 11.5mm.
(2) Ihe mejupụtara oyi akwa ahụ bụ ferrite, widmanstatten na lath martensite. Ọdịnaya Cr na Ni dị na oyi akwa mkpuchi dị elu karịa na ihe nne na nna. Ihe Cr na Ni na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke ihe nkiri passivation, na-egbochi mgbasa nke ion, ma melite nguzogide oxidation na nguzogide corrosion nke oyi akwa mkpuchi. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, n'ihi mmụba nke ntinye ọkụ, oke nkesa nke ọka na oyi akwa mkpuchi na-ejikọta ya, ya mere nkwụsị nke corrosion nke mkpuchi mkpuchi dị mma karịa ihe nne na nna.
(3) Nkezi ike nke ihe ndị nne na nna bụ 172.02HV, na nkezi ike nke mkpuchi mkpuchi bụ 320.13HV, ike nke mkpuchi mkpuchi dị elu karịa nke nne na nna. N'ihi mmetụta nke microstructure na nha ọka, isi ike nke ebe mkpuchi na-egosi usoro nkesa dịka nzọụkwụ n'ozuzu ya.