N'ime usoro iwu ụgbọ mmiri, a na-eji ígwè babbitt eme ihe n'ụdị ohiri isi ọ bụla na ụgbọ mmiri. N'ime nrụzi ụgbọ mmiri, iji meziwanye ọnụego ojiji nke igwe ohiri isi babbitt ugboro ugboro wee belata isi obodo na oge nke ịghaghachi azụ, dị ka ahụmịhe bara uru nke ịrụzi ohiri isi babbitt n'oge gara aga karịa afọ 30, otu teknụzụ ndozi ịgbado ọkụ. A na-achịkọta nke metal babbitt nwere oke ruru eru.

1 Okwu Mmalite

Ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ na-atụgharị na ụgbọ mmiri na-adabere na nkwado nke bearings dị iche iche na mmanu nke bearings site na mmanye mmanụ na-arụ ọrụ. A na-eji ihe mkpuchi ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'etiti, na-ejikọta mkpanaka nke injin isi, ihe ọkụkụ nke generator, wdg, bụ ihe niile sitere na Babbitt alloy. N'ihi ịma jijiji ma ọ bụ ọdịda nke usoro inye mmanụ n'oge ọrụ ogologo oge, a na-eyi Babbitt alloy na bushes, na ọbụna na-eme ka Babbitt alloy daa ma gbaa ọkụ. Ya mere, nkedo na ịrụzi ịgbado ọkụ na-ejikarị arụzi. Edemede a ga-ewebata omume na-aga nke ọma nke teknụzụ nrụzi ịgbado ọkụ TIG maka oke ọhịa mebiri emebi na mebiri emebi.

2 Okwu Mmalite nke Babbitt Alloy

2.1 Njirimara nke Babbitt Alloy

Babbitt alloy nwere arụmọrụ mbelata uwe dị elu, ntinye dị mma, nnabata esemokwu na nguzogide aro. A na-ekesa ụmụ irighiri ihe siri ike n'otu n'otu na matriks dị nro. Matrix a dị nro na-enye alloy ezigbo ntinye, nnabata na ihe mgbochi. Mgbe ị na-agba ọsọ, matriks dị nro na-agbakọta na isi ihe siri ike bụ convex, nke mere na a na-emepụta obere oghere n'etiti ebe ndị na-amị amị ka ọ bụrụ ebe nchekwa mmanụ na ọwa mmanụ na-agba mmanụ, nke na-eme ka ibelata uwe; na convex siri ike ụmụ irighiri ihe na-arụ ọrụ nkwado, nke na-enyere aka ibu.

2.2 Ụdị babbitt alloy ndị a na-ejikarị

Ọtụtụ n'ime ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'etiti ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, nnukwu injin na-ejikọta osisi osisi na ihe ọkụkụ na-emepụta ihe na-eji ụdị babbitt alloys abụọ, ya bụ ZSnSb11Cu6 na ZSnSb8Cu4, dị ka egosiri na Tebụl 1.

2.3 Mmebi na mmebi ụdị nke babbitt alloys

Ụdị mmebi nke isi ụgbọ mmiri ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri etiti na-ebu bushes (babbitt alloy) bụ ndị a:

(1) Nrụrụ mpaghara ma ọ bụ eyi

N'ihi arụ ọrụ ogologo oge nke ịhịa aka n'ahụ, a na-eyi akwa akwa babbitt alloy n'ọhịa ma kewapụ ya n'ihi ịma jijiji, dị ka egosiri na eserese 1.

(2) Agbajiri kpam kpam ma ọ bụ mebie ya

Ọ bụrụ na usoro ntinye mmanụ na-ada ada, ọkụ ga-eme, ma nke elu na nke dị ala ga-agbaji ma gbajie, karịsịa nke dị ala, ebe Babbitt alloy oyi akwa ga-abụkwa delaminated. Enweghị ike idozi ụdị mmebi ahụ siri ike site na ịgbado ọkụ, ọ dịkwa mkpa ka emezi ya site na ntugharị.

3 Akụrụngwa na ịgbado ọkụ àgwà nke Babbitt alloy

Babbitt alloy bụ ihe ọla dị nro, nke a na-arụzikarị site na ịmegharị na ịgbado ọkụ. Ebe ọ bụ na Babbitt alloy nwere ebe mgbaze dị ala (240ºC) yana mmiri siri ike, mmiri mmiri agbaze n'ime ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ dị mfe ịla n'iyi, ya mere ọ na-esiri ike ịkwanye ma ọ bụ weld. Site na omume na-aga n'ihu, a chọpụtala ụzọ mmezi ọhụrụ na usoro dị mfe karịa nke omenala. Ihe a na-ewebata usoro nrụzi nke ịgbado ọkụ TIG mgbe mmebi ahụ dị njọ.

3.1 Njirimara ihe nke Babbitt alloy

Ihe na-esi na tin bụ ihe na-ere ihe dị nro nke nwere ebe mgbaze dị ala. Enwere ike ịgbaze ya na obere okpomọkụ site na brazing, na ọnụ ndị a ga-agbado nwere ike jikọọ. Ọ bụ usoro nke inye ọkụ na ọkụ eletrik na-aga n'ihu, ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe maka mkpuchi mmiri mmiri na gas, na nkwonkwo solder adịghị etinye nrụgide dị ukwuu.

Soft solder kwesịrị izute ihe ndị a:

(1) Nwee ụfọdụ ọkụ na ọkụ eletrik;

(2) Debe ike achọrọ n'etiti akụkụ njikọ dị n'okpuru 200 ℃;

(3) Nwee nnukwu usoro na akara dị mma;

(4) Nwee ezigbo mmiri mmiri n'etiti ihe na-ere ihe dị nro na akụkụ ndị a na-ere ere na ihe ndị bụ isi.

The thermal na eletriki conductivity nke nro solder adịghị mma, naanị 8% ~ 15% nke ọla kọpa. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị ihe mgbochi doro anya (dị ka nkwụsị) n'okporo ụzọ (dị ka sekit), n'ihi na ụzọ nduzi dị mkpụmkpụ na mpaghara kọntaktị na nkwonkwo solder dị ukwuu.

Ịdị mma nke nkwonkwo na-adabere na ọdịdị nke elu nke a ga-eresị, ihe ndị dị nro na nhọrọ nke flux. N'ezie, ọ dabere na usoro wet nke ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ a wụrụ awụ n'elu igwe siri ike ka a ga-ere ya. Tin bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ihe na-ere ihe dị nro. Ọ nwere ike wepụta mmiri ma gwakọta ya na igwe isi ka a ga-ere ya, dị ka Cu, Fe, Ni, wdg, iji mepụta ogige igwe dị gịrịgịrị.

Ojiji nke flux bụ ihicha elu igwe ka a na-ere ya ka ọ ghara imetụta wettability. Akụkụ bụ isi nke mgbanwe ahụ bụ ZnCl2, nke na-emepụta hydrochloric acid n'efu na ọnụnọ mmiri. Mgbe a na-ere ọla kọpa, oyi akwa oxide na-agbaze ka ọ bụrụ chloride wee hapụ ọla kọpa dị n'okpuru ya, ihe mgbaze ahụ gbazere wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ gbasaa na ọla kọpa ahụ.

3.2 Soft solder mejupụtara na Njirimara

Soft solder bụ n'ozuzu Sn-Pb alloy na eutectic mejupụtara nke 26.1% Pb na a eutectic okpomọkụ nke 183 ℃, nke nwere ike hụ na a ala soldering okpomọkụ ma zere mmebi nke okpomọkụ-enwe mmetụta.

Mgbe ị na-eji aka na-ere ahịa, họrọ Sn-50% Pbd alloy. Ka okpomọkụ na-ebelata, solubility nke Sn na Pb na-ebelata, Sn na-asọpụta, na ihe na-ere ahịa na-adị nro; na Sn-Pb-Sb alloy solder, mmiri ozuzo nke SnSb intermetallic ogige pụtara ìhè karịsịa; Sn-5% Ag na Sn-5% Sb alloys nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ịnọgide na-enwe ike nke solder ka 200 ℃, ma nwekwara yiri wettability ka eutectic alloys.

Maka ire ere eji na obere okpomọkụ, a ga-ahọrọ alloys Pb dị elu, dị ka Pb-10% Sn ma ọ bụ Pb-5% Sn-1.5% Ag alloys. A ga-emetụta wettability na ike nke alloy a, mana Sn agaghị enwe mgbanwe nke usoro na obere okpomọkụ (dị ka 173K), na-ebute nnukwu mfu nke plasticity solder na ike mmetụta.

Na ndị a solders, 0.001% Al ga-eme ka ọxịdashọn, na aluminum oxide film ga-emetụta wettability na interface n'etiti mmiri mmiri solder na flux; ihe na-ere ahịa n'ozuzu nwere 0.1% ~ 0.5% Sb, na ihe na-eguzogide ọgwụ nwere ike iru 5% Sb. Obere ego nke antimony (0.1% ~ 0.5%) nwere ike melite wettability nke Pb-Sn solder na ọla. Ịgbakwunye 0.1% ~ 0.25% Bi nwere ike ịbawanye ọsọ na-agbasa nke eutectic Sn-Pb solder. Mgbe Bi gafere 0.5%, elu na-ere ahịa ga-agbanwe agba.

Cadmium ga-ebelata ngwa ngwa wetting, na ihe nkiri oxide ya ga-agba ọchịchịrị n'elu ihe na-ere ahịa ma mee ka ntụpọ brazing; ọla kọpa nwere obere mmetụta na wettability nke solder, ma mgbe ọ gafere 0.25% Cu, ọ ga-emetụta ọdịdị nke brazing elu n'ihi na e guzobere Cu-Sn ogige; phosphorus karịrị 0.01% P ga-emetụta wettability nke solder na ọla kọpa na obere carbon ígwè; sọlfọ (S) na-emetụta ọdịdị nke brazing elu, na ọdịnaya S na solder bụ nanị n'ime 0.001 5%; Zn na-adị mfe oxidized iji mepụta oxides, na ihe ndị na-ere ahịa na-akawanye njọ mgbe ọ karịrị 0.003% Zn. Ya mere, mmetụta jikọtara ọnụ nke adịghị ọcha dị iche iche enweghị ike ileda anya ma kwesị ịdị oke oke.

3.3 Ihe isi ike na nhazi nhazi nke babbitt alloy

N'oge gara aga, a na-arụzi nrụzi ịgbado ọkụ site n'ikuku ikuku brazing ọdịnala ma ọ bụ ígwè chromium nwere ike dị elu. Ụzọ nrụzi ndị a nwere ntụpọ ndị a:

(1) Mmepụta waya ịgbado ọkụ

Ọ dị mkpa iji mee mkpanaka ịgbado ọkụ n'ụlọ ma jiri ikuku oxygen-acetylene ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ kpọmkwem ngọngọ nke babbitt alloy. Nrụrụ ya bụ: n'otu aka ahụ, mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ ma gbazee, mmiri mmiri ịgbado ọkụ nke na-asọpụta ga-esiwanye ike ozugbo, ghọọ waya ịgbado ọkụ nke nha dị iche iche, na-enwe nnukwu na dayameta na-enweghị isi; N'aka nke ọzọ, n'ihi na ọkụ ikuku oxygen-acetylene na-ekpo ọkụ babbitt alloy, enweghị ike iwepụ adịghị ọcha dị na ya, ọ ga-esikwa ike n'ime waya ịgbado ọkụ, na-eme ka waya ịgbado ọkụ na-esi na ya pụta siri ike. O siri ike ịgbaze ihe ndochi na ikuku brazing ọdịnala ma ọ bụ nrụzi ígwè chromium eletrik dị elu;

(2) Mmetụta mmezi

Usoro ịgbado ọkụ gas nke ọdịnala maka ịgbado ọkụ na ịrụzi bearings enweghị ike iru ihe achọrọ maka ịgbado ọkụ: ① Jiri oriọna ikuku mee ebumnuche ozugbo n'ebe a na-ebugharị ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ike mgbaze na-ezute ihe achọrọ maka ịgbado ọkụ nrụzi, ọ ga-emebi akụkụ ahụ na-adịghị mma n'akụkụ ahụ nne na nna ma ọ bụ akụkụ nrụzi, na akụkụ nke welded na akụkụ ahụ na-adịghị ahụ enweghị ike ịgbaze ọnụ; ② Jiri oriọna ifufe kpoo hammer nke e ji ọla kọpa dị ọcha kpoo ọkụ, ma jiri hama mee okpomọkụ maka ịgbado ọkụ. Nke a ga-ewepụ okpomọkụ ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ na enweghị ike ịgbaze iji nweta ịgbado ọkụ. Ọ na-esikwa ike ịgbaze akụkụ welded na akụkụ ahụ adịghị emebi emebi, a na-enwekarịkwa ebe a na-egbutu ya na nkwonkwo; ③ Jiri ígwè chromium eletrik dị elu maka ịgbado ọkụ, yana okpomọkụ nke 500 A. Ịweta ígwè electrochromium dị ka ihe atụ, ịgbado ọkụ nke pores na obere mpaghara bearings nwere mgbidi dị mkpa bụ ihe a na-anabata, mana maka nnukwu mgbidi, nke ahụ. okpomọkụ adịghị ezuru, ike mgbaze enweghị ike izute ihe ndozi ịgbado ọkụ chọrọ, na nkwonkwo na-enwekarị ihe mgbochi.

4 Usoro mmezi site na iji TIG

Maka mmebi obere mpaghara na ntụpọ nke bearings Babbitt alloy, ụzọ nrụzi ịgbado ọkụ gụnyere oxyacetylene brazing na ịgbado ígwè. Oxyacetylene brazing na soldering ígwè ịgbado ọkụ na-adị mfe ka a kpụpụ ya, ntinye ezughị ezu na pores. Karịsịa, usoro ọrụ brazing oxyacetylene dị mgbagwoju anya ma dị mfe imebi matriks.

Ihe na-esonụ na-ewebata usoro nrụzi ịgbado ọkụ dị iche maka Babbitt alloy bearings. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ dị mfe iji rụọ ọrụ, kamakwa ọ dịghị achọ flux, na-eme ka usoro nrụzi dị mfe ma nwee àgwà ịgbado ọkụ dị elu. The ruru eru ọnụego mgbe mmezi nwere ike iru 100%, imeri ntụpọ nke undercuts, ezughị ezu penetration na pores dị mfe na-emepụta site oxyacetylene brazing na soldering ígwè ịgbado ọkụ, na ndụ nke ibu mgbe mmezi na-agbatịkwu; enwere ike itinye ya n'ọrụ na mmebi siri ike na Babbitt alloy bearings, na-echekwa ọnụ ahịa yana ịkwalite nrụpụta nrụpụta.

Dabere na ahụmịhe nke ịrụzi babbitt alloy bearings kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, usoro nrụzi ịgbado ọkụ TIG pụtara n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. The kpọmkwem usoro nzọụkwụ TIG ịgbado ọkụ babbitt alloy na-ewebata dị ka ndị a.

4.1 Nkwadebe tupu ịgbado ọkụ

(1) Nkwadebe nke waya ịgbado ọkụ

Ihe eji eme ihe bụ babbitt alloy, ụdị ZSnSb11Cu6 na ZSnSb8Cu4, nke bụ ọla dị nro nke nwere ebe mgbaze dị ala.

Họrọ ihe babbitt alloy dabara adaba maka agbaze (obere crucible) iji mee waya ịgbado ọkụ n'ụlọ. The welding waya gbazere na obere crucible dịtụ ọcha, nke nwere ike wepụ adịghị ọcha n'ime ma wepụ ihe sere n'elu mmiri kwụsịtụrụ n'elu; Tilt na ∠ 30 × 30 × 2 igwe anaghị agba nchara n'akuku ígwè nke mere na akụkụ n'etiti igwe anaghị agba nchara n'akuku ígwè uzo na kehoraizin ụgbọ elu bụ 20 ° ~ 40 °, wee na-eji obere ígwè ngaji na-awụsa a wụrụ awụ babbitt alloy mmiri mmiri n'ime igwe anaghị agba nchara. ígwè n'akuku ígwè uzo, bugharia igwe anaghị agba nchara n'akuku ígwè, na-anakọta na ịgbado ọkụ waya na dara oyi igwe anaghị agba nchara n'akuku ígwè.

(2) Ọgwụgwọ nke elu ebu

The bearings nke nọ na mmanụ mmanụ ogologo oge nwere mmanụ mmanụ nke batara n'ime ahụ. N'oge nrụzi ịgbado ọkụ, mmanụ ndị a na-agbapụta ga-egbochi njikọ nke ọla, ya mere ekwesịrị iji nlezianya hichaa ha.

Nke mbụ, chọpụta ebe nrụzi ịgbado ọkụ ma hichaa bearings ultrasonically. Ọ bụrụ na emezughị ọnọdụ, jiri igwe na-ehicha ihe na-ehicha ihe nkiri oxide na ntụpọ mmanụ n'elu. Mgbe ahụ, debe bearings ọcha ma rụzie mgbado ọkụ ozugbo.

4.2 Welding mmezi usoro

(1) Jiri TIG DC ịgbado ọkụ: jiri nchebe argon, ọnụọgụ nke argon bụ 8 ruo 10 L / min, dayameta electrode bụ 3.2 mm; obere ihe nchebe seramiiki; jiri ihe mkpuchi fotochromic nke isi, ma dị nwayọọ mgbe ị na-ejide waya ịgbado ọkụ;

(2) Jiri usoro ịgbado ọkụ dị larịị na usoro ịgbado ọkụ aka ekpe: emela ngwa ngwa mejupụta oyi akwa nke ala nke weld, buru ụzọ malite arc na mpaghara ịgbado ọkụ, n'ihi na bearings ochie abanyela ọtụtụ mmanụ na-ete mmanụ n'oge eji, ya na ya. enweghị ike iwepụ kpamkpam mgbe ihichachara. Mgbe ị na-agbado ọkụ, malite ugboro ugboro na arc azụ na azụ na mpaghara ịgbado ọkụ, na-eji TIG Jiri ọkụ arc na-amanye ụmụ irighiri mmanụ n'ime; wee jiri nkịrịka dị ọcha tinye n'ime ntakịrị acetone iji kpochapụ ụmụ irighiri mmanụ na-ese n'elu; N'ikpeazụ, jiri brush waya kpochapu oxides na-ese n'elu elu, wee rụzie ịgbado ọkụ n'ejuputa waya;

(3) Ebe mgbaze nke Babbitt alloy dị obere. Mgbe ị na-amalite arc, electrode kwesịrị ka ọ kwekọọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi na mpaghara ịgbado ọkụ, a ga-ejikwa usoro ịpị aka iji gbochie Babbitt alloy na mpaghara na-adịghị agbaze; Ekwesịrị ịme waya ịgbado ọkụ ka ọ dị gịrịgịrị ka o kwere mee iji kwado ọrụ ịpị arc n'oge ịgbado ọkụ;

(4) Mgbe ị na-agbado ọkụ, jiri ihe mkpuchi na-agbanwe agba na-ese foto iji nye waya nri nke ọma ma dozie igwe ịgbado ọkụ ka ọ gbuo oge nkwụsị gas; mgbe a na-emechi arc ịgbado ọkụ ọ bụla, ewepụla oghere ahụ ozugbo na mpaghara ịgbado ọkụ ka gas na-egbu oge wee nwee ike chebe mpaghara ahụ nke ọma iji zere ịkpata pores; ṅaa ntị n'ụzọ pụrụ iche n'eziokwu na e kwesịghị inwe ifufe n'oge ịgbado ọkụ, ma mee ihe mgbochi ikuku ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa;

(5) N'elu nke ikpeazụ oyi akwa weld kwesịrị ubé elu karịa mbụ elu nke ibu, ma ṅaa ntị na-adịghị emepụta undercuts na unfused ntụpọ na nkwụsịtụ na mbụ elu, na n'ikpeazụ nweta a ire ụtọ ebute site na machining. Ọgụgụ 2 na-egosi n'elu ibu mgbe TIG welding rụchara.

5 Mmetụta mmezi

Iji chọpụta mmetụta nrụzi nke nbibi n'akwụkwọ a, onye edemede ahụ ahọrọla otu ihe ahụ, wee mebie ya site na mpaghara ọkọchị nke 3 c㎡ na omimi nke 2 mm, mmebi nke 5 mm, ntụpọ. nke 12 mm, mfu nke 30 mm, na mfu nke 35 mm, wee mezie ya. Edepụtara nsonaazụ ule na tebụl2.

Enwere ike ịhụ site na Tebụl 2 na usoro nrụzi nke ọdịnala na-ejedebe na obere nrụzi; ebe a na-etinye usoro nrụzi nke na-ebu na mpempe akwụkwọ a na-arụzi ihe nkedo babbitt alloys nke buru ibu, na ọkpụkpụ nrụzi ahụ nwere ike iru 35 mm, na nrụzi ọrụ kacha mma maka imebi mmebi na-erughị 30 mm n'ogo.

A na-eji Babbitt alloy eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ụdị bearings dị iche iche na ụgbọ mmiri, àgwà ya metụtara ọrụ nkịtị nke injin isi ụgbọ mmiri, generator na ọdụ ọdụ. Mgbe ị na-arụzi ụgbọ mmiri, nkedo na ịgbado ọkụ TIG nke babbitt alloys ga-emepụta ngwaahịa dị elu. N'ịtụnyere usoro ịgbado ọkụ dị iche iche maka ịrụzi babbitt alloy, ịgbado ọkụ TIG ugbu a bụ usoro ịgbado ọkụ kachasị mfe yana kacha mma.