ʻO ka Cr-Ni stainless steel he maikaʻi loa ke kū'ēʻana i ka pōʻino o ke kaiapuni a ua hoʻohana nuiʻia i nāʻoihana o kaʻaila, kaʻoihana kemika, ka aerospace, kaʻenehana moana, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. ʻoihana hou. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o nā wahi ʻenehana nui loa a me nā lewa i hoʻohaumia nui ʻia e like me nā waikawa inorganic, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i kona kūpaʻa kino kino i nā koi, a pono e hoʻonui ʻia kona ola lawelawe e ka ʻenehana pale uhi uhi. ʻO nā ʻenehana uhi ʻili o kēia wā e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mahu, ka mālama ʻana i ka wela kemika, electroplating, thermal spraying a me ka laser cladding nā ala koʻikoʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā ʻili. Ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā ʻāpana like ʻole a me ka paʻakikī e ka electroplating a me nā ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe mahu, a ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā uhi. ʻO Meng et al. ua hoʻomākaukau i kahi uhi Zn-Fe superhydrophobic ma luna o ka ʻili o kahi huila magnesium ma ka hoʻopalapala ʻana. Ua hōʻike ka uhi ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka substrate magnesium alloy, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa corrosion o ka uhi e 304%. Shan et al. waiho ʻia nā ʻāpana CrN a me CrSiN ma 87L stainless steel, i hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke kai a me nā waiwai tribological o ka mea. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā uhi e ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela kemika, ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wela a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pololei o ka ʻili a me ka mānoanoa, maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana. Xun Qingting et al. ua hoʻoikaika i ka ʻili o ke kila GCr316 e ka lāʻau wela kemika, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia kona paʻakikī, a hiki i ka mānoanoa o ka papa paʻakikī i 15 mm. Liu et al. Ua hoʻomākaukau maikaʻi ʻia nā pale Ag-BN e ka plasma spraying, ka mea i hōʻemi i ka friction coefficient o nā uhi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou pale ʻana.

ʻO nā uhi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka electroplating a me ka ʻenehana deposition vapor i nāwaliwali ikaika hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka substrate a me ka mānoanoa lahilahi. ʻO ka ʻili o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wela he ʻeleʻele a he porosity nui. He kiʻekiʻe ko ka mālama wela kemika no ka mea substrate, a paʻakikī ka uhi ʻana i nā koi o ka hana hana lōʻihi. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻenehana lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, loaʻa ka ʻenehana laser cladding i nā pono o ka hana kiʻekiʻe, dilution haʻahaʻa, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka metallurgical maikaʻi. Hoʻohana pinepine ia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā uhi kiʻekiʻe me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ikaika a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, hiki ke hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana.

ʻenehana pale laserhoʻohana maʻamau i ka pauka metala, ka pauda seramika, a me ka pauka metala-ceramic composite e like me nā mea pale. ʻO ka pauka metala ka maikaʻi o ka pulu me ka mea substrate a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana i kahi paʻa metallurgical kokoke, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kaʻina hana o ka uhi. Ouyang Changyao et al. ʻO ka pauka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka laser Stellite12 cobalt ma luna o ka ili o 304 stainless steel a ua aʻo i ka microstructure, ka māhele ʻana, ka pae a me nā waiwai o ka uhi. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o ka uhi ʻana a ʻaʻohe hemahema. Hoʻokumu ia i kahi paʻa metala me ka substrate, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa corrosion i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka substrate. ʻO Yang Wenbin et al. [23] hoʻomākaukau i ʻelua ʻano o ka hao a me ka cobalt ma luna o ka ʻili o ke kila huila ER8. ʻO ka ʻili o ka uhi ʻana he ʻano like a paʻapū, e hana ana i kahi paʻa metallurgical maikaʻi. Ua hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana kila huila i hoʻoponopono ʻia a me ke kūpaʻa ʻino. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā metala, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ceramics, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaʻahu ʻana, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ka pale ʻana i ka wela a me ke kiʻekiʻe-mehana oxidation kū'ē. No ka mea, ʻokoʻa loa nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika o nā seramika, e like me ka modulus elastic a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela, me nā metala, hiki ke hana maʻalahi nā hemahema e like me nā māwae a me nā pores i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana cladding, no laila e hoʻopili ai i ka ikaika paʻa ma waena o ka uhi a me nā pores. ka substrate, e hoʻemi ana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili a me ka hana. ʻO Wang Ran et al. ua hoʻoholo i nā pilikia o Al2O3-ZrO2 nā uhi seramika, e like me ka brittleness kiʻekiʻe a me ka maʻalahi maʻalahi, i kekahi ʻano ma ka preheating i ka substrate. Ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana ma 300 °C, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka naʻau o ka uhi, akā mau nā māwae. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki ke hoʻopau i ka pilikia bottleneck o ka uhi ʻana i ka metala-ceramic composite. ʻO nā pauka metala-ceramic composite ka paʻakikī a me ke kaʻina hana maikaʻi o nā pauka metala, a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻana, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā mea pauka seramika. Ma ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka metala a me ka pauka seramika a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ratio haku o nā mea ʻelua, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā ʻāpana metala-ceramic composite me nā hemahema liʻiliʻi a me ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā pūhui intermetallic a me nā mea i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka ceramic i hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia i loko o ke ʻano o ka uhi ʻana e kūpono i nā hana kikoʻī o ka hoʻopili ʻana (e like me ke kūpaʻa corrosion, ke pale ʻana i ka lole, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka oxidation, etc.). ʻO nā pauka metala-ceramic composite maʻamau, ʻo ia ka Fe, Co, a me Ni-based composite powders i hoʻoikaika ʻia me nā ʻāpana seramika e like me WC, SiC, a me Al2O3, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā uhi metala-ceramic composite me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe. ikaika i ka corrosion resistance. Ma waena o lākou, loaʻa i nā seramika Al2O3 kahi helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī, liʻiliʻi ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela, a me ka paʻa kino a me ke kemika. Ua alakaʻi nui nā ʻepekema kūloko a me nā ʻāina ʻē i ka noiʻi nui ʻana i nā ʻili seramika Al2O3. Hōʻike nā hopena i nā pilikia e like me ka porosity nui a me ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa palupalu maʻemaʻe Al2O3. Zhou Jianzhong et al. i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i ka Al2O3 ceramic-reinforced Fe901 metala-ceramic composite coatings me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laser cladding, ka mea i hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka uhi. He maikaʻi ka ductility a me ka hopena pili. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana iā Ni, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka waiho ʻana a me nā waiwai mechanical o ka uhi ʻana, a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka ikaika pinning o nā ʻāpana Al2O3 i loko o ka uhi ʻana. Al2O3-hoʻonui Ni-based composite coating he kiʻekiʻe ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika paʻa, a hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona pale ʻili maikaʻi. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana ma ka Ni-Al2O3 composite coating e kālele nui ana i kona pale ʻana a me nā mīkini pili, a he liʻiliʻi nā hōʻike e pili ana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka uhi. Ma kēia pepa, hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano o ka pauka i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia e hoʻomākaukau i ka Ni-Al2O3 metala ceramic composite coating ma luna o ka ʻili o ke kila kila e ka ʻenehana cladding laser, i mea e hoʻohui ai i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka metala Ni me ka ikaika ikaika ikaika o Al2O3, e hoʻemi nui i ka hopena o ka corrosion, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili. kila.

1 Hoao

Nā Pono 1.1
Ka laser cladding substrate he 304 kuhiliʻole kila, a me kona kemika haku mele (ma ka hapa nuipa): S 0.002%, P 0.042%, C 0.07%, Si 0.89%, Mn 1.92%, Ni 8.1%, Cr 18.2%, a me ka koena Fe. ʻO ka nui he 200 mm × 150 mm × 15 mm, a ua hōʻike ʻia ka microstructure o ka substrate ma ka Figure 1. ʻO ka pauka pale ʻo ia ka pāpaʻi kiʻekiʻe maʻemaʻe Ni pauka (ka nui o ka nui 100 nm, maʻemaʻe 99.0%) a me ka pauka Al2O3 (awelika. 2 μm nui, maʻemaʻe 98.0%). Hoʻohui ʻia ka pauka hui ʻia i loko o kahi mīkini ʻili ākea QM-1 i ka wikiwiki wili o 250 r / min no 6 mau hola e hui like ai ka pauda. Ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, hoʻokomo ʻia ka pauka i hui ʻia i loko o kahi umu hoʻomaloʻo maloʻo ma 150 ° C no 3 mau hola e wehe ai i ka wai. Ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻili o ka substrate me ka sandpaper SiC a ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻili o ka substrate me ka acetone e wehe i ka momona. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻia ka substrate i 300 ° C no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi wela i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka gradient wela nui ma waena o ka substrate a me ka uhi. I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka paʻa o ka hoʻopili hoʻohuihui, ua hana ʻia ka pale laser me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka pre-set, a ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka pauka i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia he 0.9 mm.

1.2 Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka uhi
Ke hoʻohana nei nā mea pale i kahi ʻōnaehana hana akamai laser JHL-1GX-2000 me ka mana kiʻekiʻe o 2 kW. Nā ʻāpana kaʻina hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana: ka mana laser o 1.2 kW, ke anawaena kiko o 3 mm, a me ka wikiwiki o ka nānā ʻana o 350 mm/min. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, hoʻomaʻalili maoli ka hāpana i ka lumi wela. Ua ʻoki ʻia ka hāpana ma ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka uhi hoʻohui ʻia e ka ʻoki uea, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka hāpana i loko o ka ethanol anhydrous me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kani ultrasonic e loaʻa i kahi specimen metallographic. Ma hope o ka wili ʻana a me ka polishing, ua kālai ʻia ka hāpana no 25 mau kekona me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena hui pū ʻia me HCl (kahi hakina puʻupuʻu 75%) a me HNO3 (kahi hakina puʻupuʻu 25%).

1.3 Ka uhi ʻana i ka morphology a me ke ʻano o ka pae
Ua ʻike ʻia ka microstructure o ka substrate e ka Eclipse MA200 optical microscope (OM), a ua ʻike ʻia ka morphology o ka uhi ʻana a me kona ʻili corrosion e kahi VEGA3 scanning electron microscope (SEM) me ka ikehu dispersive spectrometer (EDS), a me ka ikehu. ua hana ʻia ka ʻike kikoʻī. Hoʻopili ʻia ka haku mele ʻana o ka pae hoʻohuihui e kahi diffractometer X-ray multifunctional (XRD, volta 40 kV, 200 mA o kēia manawa, 2θ diffraction angle o 20 ° ~ 80 °).

1.4 Hōʻikeʻike o ka hana uhi
Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka microhardness o ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka hoʻopili ʻia e ka HV 1000A microhardness tester, me ka nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana o 400 g a me ka manawa hoʻouka o 30 s. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o kēlā me kēia kūlana ana he 0.1 mm. No ka hui like o nā laʻana, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā helu 3 ma ka mamao like mai ka ʻili o ka uhi, a ua lawe ʻia ka waiwai awelika.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana me ke kāpili kūlohelohe, e hōʻike ana i ka 1 mm2 o ka ʻili, a ua hana ʻia kahi laʻana corrosion. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hāpana corrosion i loko o 1 mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka corrosion ma ka lumi wela no 5 h. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i nā huahana corrosion, ua kaupaona ʻia, a ua helu ʻia ka nui o ka corrosion pohō kaumaha o ka hoʻopili ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pohō kaumaha: VL= (m1-m0)/t.
ʻO ka m1 ka nuipaʻa o ka hāpana ma mua o ka ʻino ʻana, ʻo ka m0 ka nuipaʻa o ka hāpana ma hope o ka ʻino, a ʻo t ka manawa ʻino. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka Ametek Parstat 4000 electrochemical workstation e hoʻāʻo i ka potentiodynamic polarization curve o ka 1 mm2 composite coating corrosion sample surface. He 1 mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid ka mea hoʻoheheʻe, ʻo ka electrode kuhikuhi ʻo Ag/AgCl electrode, ʻo ka electrode kōkua ʻo Pt electrode, a ʻo ka electrode hana he 1 mm2 o ka hāpana corrosion. Ma hope o ka hoʻoinu ʻia ʻana ma ke kaapuni ākea no 60 min, ua hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Ua hana 'ia ka potentiodynamic polarization ho'ā'o ma ka laulā o −1.5 ~ 1.5 ma ka scanning māmā holo o 1 mV/s, a me ka corrosion hiki a me ka corrosion i kēia manawa density o ka composite uhi.

2 Nā hualoaʻa a me ke kūkākūkā

2.1 Ka uhi ʻana i ka morphology a me ka nānā ʻana
Hōʻike ʻia ka microstructure o ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka Ni-25%Al2O3 composite coating ma ke Kiʻi 2. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka Figure 2a, he ʻano like ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hui, ʻaʻohe hemahema e like me nā pores a me nā māwae, a aia kahi wahi hoʻopaʻa metallurgical maopopo ma waena o ka uhi ʻana a me ka substrate. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana i ʻekolu ʻāpana: ʻāpana pale (CL), wahi hoʻopaʻa metallurgical (MBZ) a me kahi ʻāpana wela (HAZ). E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 2b, ʻo ke ʻano ma lalo o ka ʻāpana CL he mau kristal kelepona maikaʻi. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2c, ʻo ke kikowaena o ka ʻāpana CL he aniani kolamu me ka ulu kuhikuhi. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2d, ʻo ka hale ma luna o ka ʻāpana CL he mau kristal equiaxed maikaʻi. Ma muli o ka nānā ʻana o ka kukuna laser i ka pauka no ka manawa pōkole a hāʻule koke ka mahana, paʻa a maloʻo koke ka uhi ʻana, e hana ana i kahi ʻano like ʻole a maikaʻi. Wahi a ka manaʻo paʻa, ʻo ka morphology o ka hale paʻa i hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kumu paʻa (G/R) o ka pākuʻi paʻa-wai, kahi ʻo G ka gradient mahana a ʻo R ka helu paʻa. ʻO ka lalo o ka wahi CL kokoke i ka substrate, me ka wikiwiki hoʻomaha a me ka nui o ka supercooling, e hana ana i nā kristal kelepona maikaʻi. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana paʻa, ʻo ka wikiwiki hoʻoluʻu e kū pono ana i ka pilina pili ka wikiwiki, a ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka crystallization o ka palaoa. No laila, hoʻokumu ʻia nā kristal columnar i waenakonu o ka ʻāpana CL ma ke ala e kū pono ana i ka interface, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 2c. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2d, pili ka luna o ka ʻāpana CL me ka ea, wikiwiki ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoluʻu, nui ka undercooling, a ua like ka helu hoʻoluʻu ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau, e hana ana i nā kristal equiaxed maikaʻi. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana paʻa, alakaʻi ka nui o ka hoʻoilo i nā microstructure like ʻole. Ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki ʻana a me nā ʻano paʻa o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka laser, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano o ka uhi ʻana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka substrate. Hōʻike ʻia nā hualoaʻa o ka nānā ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻili o ka EDS o ka uhi ʻana (Figure 2) ma ka Figure 3. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma nā Kiʻi 3a~c, ua māhele like ʻia nā mea Fe a me Cr i loko o ka uhi a me ka substrate, a ua māhele nui ʻia ʻo Ni i ka ʻāpana CL. ʻO nā mea Al a me O (e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma nā Kiʻi 3d a me e, kēlā me kēia) ua puʻunaue nui ʻia ma ka piko o ka ʻāpana CL, e hōʻoia ana ua puʻunaue nui ʻia nā ʻāpana Al2O3 ma ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana CL, a ua haku ʻia ka uhi ʻana i kahi metala. papa a me kahi papa seramika. ʻO ke kī i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea hoʻopili metala-ceramic composite ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o Ni a me Al2O3 i ka pauka, a me ka ʻokoʻa i kā lākou absorption o ka ikehu laser. Ke nānā ka laser ikaika nui i ka pauka composite, hoʻoheheʻe koke ʻia ka pauka a me ka ʻili substrate e ka wela kiʻekiʻe. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu heheʻe o Al2O3 ma mua o ka Ni, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka ikehu laser e hoʻomoʻa ʻia e ka pauka Ni, a hehee loa ka pauka Ni. Hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia kahi hapa o ka pauka Al2O3, akā noho mau ʻo Al2O3 ma ke ʻano granular. Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana o ka laser kiʻekiʻe i ka pauka, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka pauka Ni a me ka substrate e hana i kahi wai hoʻoheheʻe. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka convection ikaika i loko o ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a hoʻopuehu ʻia nā ʻāpana Al2O3. No ka mea, he ha'aha'a ka mānoanoa o nā'āpana Al2O3 ma mua o ka māhele metala, ua māhele nui 'ia lākou ma luna o ka uhi ho'ohuihui (e like me ka mea i hō'ike 'ia ma ka Figure 4), e hana ana i kahi papa seramika. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pūhui Intermetallic i loko o ka uhi hoʻohui e hana i kahi papa metala. Ma muli o ka hiki ʻole o ka pulu ʻana o Ni me ka matrix metala, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi wahi hoʻopaʻa metala maikaʻi, e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka uhi ʻana i ka substrate.

I mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka haku mele ʻana o ka Ni-25%Al2O3 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ua nānā ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻia e XRD. Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ma ke Kiʻi 5. ʻO ka māhele o ka uhi ʻana i hui pū ʻia me Al2O3, Fe-Ni, a me Fe-Ni-Cr solution paʻa. No ka mea ua kokoke loa ka radius atomic o Fe i ko Cr a me Ni, e hehee a hoolaha ka Fe ma lalo o ka ikehu laser irradiation kiʻekiʻe, a hui pū me Cr a me Ni e hana i ka Fe-Ni a me Fe-Ni-Cr solutions paa. e like me austenite ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe a hoʻololi i martensite ma hope o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hāʻina paʻa Fe-Ni a me Fe-Ni-Cr e hōʻike ana ua hoʻoheheʻe piha ʻia ka matrix a me ka pauka Ni, a ua hoʻopuehu piha ʻia ka Fe i loko o ka punawai hoʻoheheʻe. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka nānā ʻana o SEM a me EDS, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana seramika Al2O3, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e mau nei ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana, kahi e hōʻoia hou ai i ke ola ʻana o ka māhele seramika Al2O3.

Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana keʻa a me ka morphology o ka Ni-x%Al2O3 composite coating ma ke Kiʻi 6. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma nā Kiʻi 6a, c, e, a me g, nā ʻāpana keʻa o ka Ni, Ni-15%Al2O3, a me ʻO Ni-25%Al2O3 nā mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻohuihui he ʻeleʻele a ʻaʻohe hemahema. Hoʻoheheʻe liʻiliʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana Al2O3 ma lalo o ka irradiation laser kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻōnaehana granular hina hina hina. ʻO nā ʻāpana Al2O3 i hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia e hoʻopuka i kahi hopena pinning ma lalo o ka hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā hāʻina paʻa Fe-Ni a me Fe-Ni-Cr, a ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka hui ʻana, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hopena o ka hoʻopili ʻana. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike Al2O3, e piʻi mālie ka helu o nā ʻāpana Al2O3 i loko o ka uhi hoʻohui. I loko o ke keʻa o ka Ni-35%Al2O3 composite coating, ua loaʻa nā pores hou aku, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana Al2O3, a me nā ʻāpana Al2O3 a me nā pūhui intermetallic i hana i nā pores, ʻaʻole i hui paʻa ʻia, i alakaʻi maʻalahi i ka emi ʻana o ka ka hana ʻana o ka uhi ʻana. E like me ka mea i hoikeia ma na Kii 6b, d, f, a me h, aole he mau hemahema ma ka ili o Ni, Ni-15%Al2O3, a me Ni-25%Al2O3, oiai aia na mawae a me na pores ma ka ili. Ni-35%Al2O3
nā uhi hui. ʻO nā māwae ke kumu nui ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi nui ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻāpana Al2O3 a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea ʻole. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki o ka hoʻopili composite, ʻo ke kinoea i hana ʻia e ka hopena o nā mea e like me C a me S me O ʻaʻohe manawa e pakele ai, pēlā e hana ai i nā pores. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 6, ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nui kūpono o Al2O3, ʻoʻoleʻa ka ʻili o ka ʻili hoʻohui a ʻaʻohe ona hemahema; ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka Al2O3 kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka uhi ʻana i nā hemahema e like me nā pores a me nā māwae.

2.2 ʻIkepili Microhardness
Hōʻike ʻia ka pihi hoʻololi o ka microhardness o ka pauku keʻa o ka Ni-x%Al2O3 composite coating ma ke ala hohonu i ka Figure 7. ʻO ka microhardness o ka substrate e pili ana i 164HV, a hiki i ka microhardness o ka uhi ʻana ke hiki i ka 1026.3 HV. Aia ka microhardness ma waena o 760HV a me 1 026HV, ʻo ia ka 4 a 5 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka substrate. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 7, e emi iki ka microhardness o ka uhi ʻana ma hope o ka piʻi mālie ʻana. ʻO kēia no ka mea aia kekahi mau hemahema ma ka ʻili pāpaʻu o ka ʻili hoʻohui, e hopena i ka microhardness haʻahaʻa o ka ʻili; ʻO ka microstructure i loko o ka uhi hoʻohui he ʻano like a maikaʻi, me ka liʻiliʻi o nā hemahema, a he nui nā pae paʻakikī, a piʻi mālie ka microhardness; e emi loa ana ka microhardness o kahi kokoke i ka substrate a hiki i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i ka microhardness o ka substrate. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka maʻiʻo Al2O3, piʻi mua ka microhardness o ka uhi hoʻohuihui a laila emi iho. I ka 2% o ka hakina nui o Al3O25, hiki i ka microhardness o ka uhi hoʻohuihui i ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻopili hoʻohuihui e pili ana i kona maikaʻi o ka ili a me ka maʻiʻo Al2O3. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka morphology a me ka nānā ʻana i ka pae o ka hoʻopili ʻana, ʻo nā kumu nui: ʻo ka mea mua, ʻo ka laser cladding composite coating e hoʻohua nui i ka undercooling i ka wā o ke kaʻina hoʻomaha wikiwiki, a laila e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka microstructure o ka uhi, e pāʻani ana i kahi hana hoʻoikaika i ka palaoa. ma luna o ka hoʻopili hoʻohuihui, a me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka microhardness o ka uhi ʻana; ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka hopena hoʻoikaika paʻa paʻa o nā pae paʻakikī Fe-Ni a me Fe-Ni-Cr e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka microhardness o ka uhi ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia me nā hopena EDS (Figure 3), hiki ke ʻike ʻia he kiʻekiʻe ka maʻiʻo o Ni a me Cr i loko o ka uhi hoʻohuihui, a ʻo nā ʻātoma Fe i loko o ka matrix i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka uhi ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo Ni a me Cr i loko o Fe e hana i kahi hāʻina paʻa paʻa; ʻO ke kolu, ua hoʻopuehu ʻia nā ʻāpana seramika Al2O3 kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka uhi hoʻohuihui, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ai i ka microhardness o ka uhi ʻana. Ke piʻi ka hapa nui o Al2O3 i 35%, ʻike ʻia nā hemahema e like me nā pores a me nā māwae ma luna o ka ʻili o ka uhi ʻana, e hōʻemi ana i ka microhardness o ka uhi ʻana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka microhardness o Ni-x%Al2O3 (x≤25) ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o nā mea i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia mai nā hopena i hui ʻia o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe palaoa, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hopena paʻa a me ka hoʻoikaika kino.

2.3 Ka nānā 'ana i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion
Hōʻike ʻia ka nui o ka pohō kaumaha o ka Ni-x%Al2O3 composite coating ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana i loko o ka 1 mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid no 5 mau hola ma ke Kiʻi 8. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka Figure 8, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻiʻo Al2O3, ke kaumaha. hōʻike ka nui o ka corrosion i ke ʻano o ka emi ʻana o ka mua a ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana, a ke hōʻike nei ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano o ka piʻi mua ʻana a laila nāwaliwali. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻaoʻao polarization a me ka ʻikepili kūpono o ka Ni-x%Al25O2 composite coating ma ka Figure 3. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 2, ua like ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana polarization o nā mea hoʻohuihui Ni-x%Al3O9. Me ka hoʻonui o Al9O2 maʻiʻo, hōʻike ka ʻino i ke ʻano o ka piʻi mua ʻana a me ka emi ʻana, a ke hōʻike nei ka nui o ka corrosion i ke ʻano o ka emi ʻana o ka mua a laila e piʻi aʻe. ʻO ka Ni-3%Al2O3 composite coating ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka corrosion a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa corrosion o kēia manawa. Hōʻike ka pōʻino i ke ʻano o ka ʻino o ka mea. ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōʻino o ka uhi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻino. Hōʻike ka nui o ka corrosion i kēia manawa a me ka corrosion rate i ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka mea. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka corrosion o kēia manawa a me ka nui o ka corrosion o ka uhi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka uhi ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka corrosion immersion a me ka hoʻāʻo electrochemical hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ʻikepili o ka uhi hoʻohuihui e hōʻike ana i ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka nui o ka corrosion a me ka corrosion rate o ka Ni-25%Al2O3 composite coating, a ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO ka Al25O2 corrosion-resistant ceramic phase a me ka Fe-Ni a me Fe-Ni-Cr solutions solid e hoʻonui i ka hiki ke corrosion o ka uhi ʻana. ʻO ka Ni-3% Al2O3 composite coating he liʻiliʻi ka corrosion tendency a ʻoi aku kona ʻano microstructure a ʻoi aku ka paʻa; ʻo ka Ni-25% Al2O3 composite coating he mau hemahema e like me nā pores a me nā māwae, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka wai corrosive e komo i loko, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka hana corrosion.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ke kinona o ka ʻili o ka Ni-x%Al2O3 i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka 1 mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid no 5 mau hola. ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāpana ʻino, a ʻo ka ʻāpana nui o ke ʻano awāwa e ʻike ʻia ana, a ʻoi aku ka hohonu a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lua ʻino. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka Figure 10b, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka degere corrosion o ka Ni-10%Al10O15 composite coating, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka wahi ʻino, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻāpana nui o ka awāwa e hoʻemi ʻia, ua pāpaʻu nā lua ʻino. liʻiliʻi nā lua, akā nui ka helu. Hōʻike ʻia ka morphology corrosion o ka Ni-2%Al3O25 composite coating ma ke Kiʻi 2c. ʻO kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi wale nō o ka ʻili hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ʻānai ʻia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana ʻāwīwī hoʻomau, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā lua ʻino a liʻiliʻi ka helu, a ua hoʻemi hou ʻia ke degere ʻino. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka Figure 3d, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka degere corrosion o ka Ni-10%Al10O35 composite coating, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻino, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā awāwa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka uhi ʻana. Ke hōʻike hou aku nei ka corrosion morphology o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻiʻo Al2O3, ʻo ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o ka piʻi mua ʻana a laila nāwaliwali, ʻo ia ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana o ka corrosion o Ni-2%Al3O25. . ʻO kēia ke kumu no ka piʻi mua ʻana o ka pōʻino o ka mea hoʻohuihui a laila hoʻemi ʻia, nāwaliwali mua ke ʻano o ka corrosion a laila hoʻonui ʻia, ʻo ka nui o ka corrosion o kēia manawa a me ka corrosion rate emi mua a laila hoʻonui, e hopena i ka degere corrosion o ka mea hoʻohuihui e hoʻemi mua a a laila e hoʻomāhuahua aʻe ka ʻāpana ʻino i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka lua e hana i nā awāwa, a laila emi iho.

Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka uhi ʻana i ka 1 mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid, hoʻopau maʻalahi ʻo Cl− i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation ili, hoʻopili ka wai corrosive i ka ʻili o ka uhi ʻana, a hoʻokumu ʻia kahi cell galvanic corrosion, a loaʻa kahi hopena electrochemical. ʻO nā mea e like me Fe, Cr, a me Ni e hana i nā hopena oxidation ma ka anode, e nalowale nā ​​electrons a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i nā cations manuahi, a ʻo ka H + e hoʻemi i ka hopena ma ka cathode e hoʻohua ai i ka H2 pakele, ka hopena i nā lua ʻino ma ka ʻili ʻino, e hana ai ka composite. ka uhi ʻana e ʻino hou ʻia. Ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka laser, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka microstructure o ka hoʻopili composite ma mua o ka substrate, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kūpaʻa corrosion o ka hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe. No laila, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka Ni-x%Al2O3 composite coating ma lalo o ka hopena o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka palaoa. Hoʻopaʻa paʻa ka Fe-Ni a me Fe-Cr-Ni i nā ʻāpana Al2O3 i loko o ka uhi ʻana, e hoʻopaʻa pono i nā ʻāpana Al2O3, a pale i ka wai ʻino mai ke komo ʻana i ka uhi ʻana ma o nā pores kokoke i nā ʻāpana Al2O3. ʻO ka hopena hoʻoikaika paʻa paʻa e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa ʻana o ka uhi hoʻohuihui a hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka uhi ʻana. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi nui kūpono o Al2O3 i ka uhi ʻana, hiki i ka micro-melted Al2O3 ke pale i ke kahawai ʻino a hoʻemi i ka wahi ʻino. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi nui kūpono o Al2O3 hiki ke pāʻani i kahi hana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻāpana o ka uhi ʻana. Ke hoʻohui ʻia he 35% ka hapa nui o Al2O3, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka hoʻohui nui ʻana o Al2O3 ke kumu e hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia ai ka nui o nā ʻāpana, e hoʻonui ana i ke kahawai corrosion a me ka helu o nā pūnaewele galvanic corrosion. No laila, ua ho'ēmiʻia ke kū'ēʻana o ka corrosion o ka Ni-35%Al2O3 composite. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, ma hope o ka hoʻohui nui ʻana o Al2O3, aia ka nui o nā pores a me nā māwae i loko o ka hoʻopili ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai corrosive e komo i loko o ka hoʻopili ʻana ma o nā pores a me nā māwae, a laila e wikiwiki ai ka ʻino. rate, ka hopena i ka emi o ka corrosion kū'ē o ka Ni-35%Al2O3 composite uhi. I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka Ni-x%Al2O3 (x≤25) composite coating ka hopena o ka hopena hui o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka palaoa maikaʻi, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hopena paʻa a me ka hoʻoikaika kino.

Nā Kūlana 3
Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka paʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka corrosion-resistant Ni-x%Al2O3 composite coating ma luna o ka ili o 304 stainless steel e ka ʻenehana pale laser. Ua aʻo ʻia ka hopena o ka maʻiʻo Al2O3 i ka morphology, microhardness a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka uhi ʻana. ʻO nā hopena nui e like me kēia.

1) Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi paʻa metallurgical pili ma waena o ka uhi ʻana a me ka substrate. Hōʻike ʻia ka microstructure o ka uhi hoʻohui e like me nā kristal equiaxed maikaʻi, nā kristal columnar directional a me nā kristal kelepona mai ka ʻili a i loko. ʻO ka Ni-x%Al2O3 (x ≤ 25) ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana he ʻano like a paʻapū me ka ʻole o nā hemahema. Loaʻa nā hemahema o ka Ni-35%Al2O3 composite e like me nā pores a me nā māwae. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāpana nui o ka Ni-25%Al2O3 composite coating me Al2O3, Fe-Ni, a me Fe-Ni-Cr solution paʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā ʻāpana Al2O3 ma luna o ka ʻāpana CL e hana i kahi papa seramika. Māhele like ʻia nā pūhui intermetallic i ka ʻāpana CL e hana i kahi papa metala. Hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana Al2O3 i loko o ka uhi hoʻohui e nā pūhui intermetallic.

2) Piʻi mua ka microhardness o ka uhi ʻana a laila e emi ʻoi mai ka ʻili o ka uhi ʻana i ka substrate. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻiʻo Al2O3, piʻi mua ka microhardness o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka composite a laila hoʻemi ʻia, emi mua ka nui o ka corrosion pohō kaumaha a laila hoʻonui ʻia, piʻi mua ka hiki ʻana o ka corrosion a laila emi iho, a emi mua ka nui o ka corrosion a laila hoʻonui. ʻO ka Ni-25% Al2O3 composite coating ka microhardness kiʻekiʻe loa a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka microhardness a me ka corrosion resistance o ka Ni-x%Al2O3 (x≤25) composite coating ka hopena o nā hopena i hui pū ʻia o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka palaoa maikaʻi, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hopena paʻa a me ka hoʻoikaika kino.