Abstract: I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana pale pale lole ʻaʻahu laser Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka uhi ʻana o Ni + TiB2 ma ka ʻili o Ti6Al4V, ʻike ʻia ka mana o ka lākiō pauka ma ka microstructure a me nā waiwai mechanical. ʻO ka uhi ʻana o ka laser cladding ka nui o TiB, TiB2, α-Ti, β-Ti, NiTi alloy solid solution a me TiO2. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka papa hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka ʻāpana elliptic ʻeleʻele, ka manawa like me ka nila elongated a me ka ʻāpana kristal cell a puni. ʻO ka ʻāpana elliptic ʻeleʻele, ka ʻāpana like me ka nee-dle a me ka ʻāpana kristal cell a puni ʻo TiB2, TiB, NiTi, kēlā me kēia. Ke piʻi aʻe ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui TiB2, piʻi ka maʻiʻo TiB, lilo nā ʻāpana metallographic TiB. ʻO ka microhardness kiʻekiʻe loa o ka papa cladding hiki i 920）. 8 HV1. 0, ʻo ia ma kahi o 3 mau manawa o ka hui Ti6Al4V, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka microhardness e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai kūʻē o ka uhi ʻana. ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka spalling brittle me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ukana, a ʻaʻole kūpono ka uhi ʻana i nā kūlana haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
Hua'ōlelo: laser cladding; Ni + TiB2 i hoʻopili ʻia; Ti6Al4V; waiwai kūʻē

1. Introduction

He mau waiwai maikaʻi ko Titanium alloys e like me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka aerospace, ʻenekinia moana, ka hana kaʻa a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe [1]. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻole o nā alloys titanium e kaupalena i kā lākou noi ākea. I loko o ka ʻenehana hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻili, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka laser me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, ka wahi liʻiliʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wela a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka metallurgical ikaika i nā manawa a pau.

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōnaehana mea like ʻole i loko o ka pale ʻana i ka laser o nā alloys titanium, ma waena o ka ʻōnaehana kumu hoʻohui he ʻano kaulana a maikaʻi hoʻi [3]. I ka ʻōnaehana mea hoʻohui, hoʻohana ʻia ka pae hoʻoikaika ʻo TiB2 ma ke ʻano he ala kūpono e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa. Qi K. et al. [1] hoomakaukau TiB2/metala composite uhi ma Ti6Al4V alloy ma ka laser cladding Fe, Co, Cr, B a me C hui pū pauda, ​​a aʻo i ka hopena o ka mākia ma luna o ka mechanical waiwai a me ka lole waiwai o ka uhi. Lin YH et al. [4] hoʻohana i ka pauka TiB2 maʻemaʻe no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka uhi gradient TiB2/TiB ma ka alloy titanium. Ua hōʻike ka microhardness i ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa gradient, akā ua hōʻike ka paʻakikī o ka haʻihaʻi i ke ʻano hoʻonui gradient. Kumar S. et al. [5] ua aʻo i ka hui pauka o Ti6Al4V, CBN a me TiO2 laser cladding coating, a loaʻa nā hale like ʻole e like me ke ʻano o ke kui, ke ʻano o ke koʻokoʻo cylindrical a me ke ʻano dendrite lōʻihi. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mea metala matrix composite (TiN, TiAlN, AlN a me TiB2) o ka nitride a me ka boride ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu nui o ka uhi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa.

ʻO ka nickel a i ʻole ka nickel-based alloy kahi matrix kūpono me ka paʻa o ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa corrosion, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka wettability maikaʻi. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mea hoʻohui a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea pili i ka pauka alloy i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me ka uhi ʻana o ka laser me ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua mau ʻāpana me nā ʻano mechanical like ʻole e lilo i koi koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻili i ka wā e hiki mai ana [6]. Xu SY et al. [7] hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻo TiC/Ni60 composite coating ma ka ʻili o ka huila Ti6Al4V e ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka laser. Yu XL et al. [2] hoʻomākaukau i nā nickel-titanium carbide composites ma luna o 20 kila substrate e ka laser cladding. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻāpana TiC i loko o ka Ni / 40TiC composite i keakea i ka ulu ʻana o nā nickel crystals, ka hopena i kahi microstructure ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hui Ni / 40TiC. ʻO ka awelika microhardness o ka Ni / 40TiC composite ma kahi o 851HV, a ʻo ka pākuʻi ʻana he 0.43. Wang Q. et al. [8] aʻo i ka microstructure a me nā waiwai o Ni-based gradient composite coatings. ʻO ka uhi ʻana he Ni matrix, WC a me nā carbide he nui a me nā hana paʻakikī boride. Ua hōʻea ka microhardness kiʻekiʻe i ka 1053.5HV0.2, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka friction coefficient a me nā waiwai poho ma mua o ke kila Q345.

No ke aʻo ʻana i ka microstructure a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka alloy Ti6Al4V, ua koho ʻia ʻo Ni a me TiB2 i hui pū ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā papa hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Ti6Al4V alloy.

2 Nā mea hoʻokolohua a me nā ʻano hana
2. 1 Mea hoao
A 100mm × 100mm × 10mm Ti6Al4V alloy plate i koho ʻia ma ke ʻano he substrate, a ua hōʻike ʻia kona haku mele a me nā waiwai mechanical ma ka Papa 1 a me ka Papa 2. No ka mea hiki i ka pauka Ni ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohele ʻana i ke kumu wela a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka wela i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka laser, ua koho ʻia ka pauka Ni a me ka pauka TiB2 e hoʻomākaukau i kahi uhi hoʻohui me TiB2 ma ke ʻano hoʻoikaika. Hōʻike ʻia ka morphology metallographic o ka pauka Ni a me ka pauka TiB2 ma ke Kiʻi 1.

2. 2 Nā ʻano hoʻokolohua
I mea e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ai ka pauka a me ka pā kumu, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mīkini wili e wehe i ka ʻili o ka ʻili o ka titanium alloy plate, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo 5% HF + 15% HNO3 acid solution e wehe i nā ʻaila ʻaila. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi laser fiber mau YSL-3000 no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka laser mau, a ua kau ʻia ka pā Ti6Al4V me ka pauka preset i loko o kahi pahu plastik 200mm × 200mm × 50mm, a ua hoʻomau mau ʻia ke kinoea argon i loko o ka pahu plastik. I ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka laser, ʻo ke anawaena wahi he 1.8 mm a ʻo ka wikiwiki scanning he 7 mm/s. Ke aʻo ʻia ka hopena o ka pauka laser ma ka microstructure a me nā waiwai mechanical; i ka 2W ka nui o ka pauka laser, ʻo Ni + 40% TiB700, Ni + 900% TiB1100, Ni + 900% TiB20, Ni + 2% TiB30, a ua aʻo ʻia ka hopena o ka pauka lākiō ma luna o ka pauka laser. Hiki ke hōʻailona ʻia nā mea hoʻohālike me ka papa hoʻopaʻa laser e like me S-2 (P = 40W), S-2 (P = 1W), S-700 (P = 2W), S-900 (R = Ni + 3% TiB1100), S-4 (R = Ni + 30% TiB2).

Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka X-ray diffractometer (XＲD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) specimens and performance test specimens e ka ʻoki ʻana i ka uwila, a ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea hoʻohālike me ka mīkini, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia a ʻānai ʻia e 5% HF + 15% HNO3 acid solution. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka papa hoʻopaʻa laser e Brooker D8-advance micro-area X-ray diffractometer (XＲD), a ua ʻike ʻia ka microstructure o ka papa cladding laser e ka microscope optical (OM) a me ka scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ua aʻo ʻia ka mea hōʻike paʻakikī HV-5 Vickers no ke ana ʻana i ka paʻakikī ma ka hohonu o ka ʻili o ka papa hoʻopaʻa laser. Ua koho ʻia ka HＲS-2M kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe reciprocating friction a me ka hōʻike ʻaʻahu no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. ʻO ka mea kōkua friction ʻo Si3N2 ceramic grinding ball me ke anawaena o 4mm. ʻO ka friction a me ka ʻaʻahu ʻana ka wikiwiki o ka 200r/min a me ka ukana radial o 20/40/60N.

3 Nā hualoaʻa a me ke kūkākūkā
3.1 XRD haku mele
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana XRD o nā laʻana ʻelima ma ke Kiʻi 2. Aia i kēlā me kēia laʻana he wahi liʻiliʻi o ka TiN i loko o kāna ʻano kemika, ʻo ia ke kumu e komo ai nā atom N i loko o ka papa hoʻopaʻa laser e hoʻokō i ka hopena nitriding. I ka wā o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kahi vanadium liʻiliʻi i loko o ka titanium alloy matrix material, a ma kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻololi ka ʻāpana α i ka pae β, no laila ʻike ʻia ʻo β-Ti ma ke Kiʻi 2. Loaʻa iā TiB2 kahi dissolution-precipitation. hiʻona i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka laser. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kahi helu liʻiliʻi o TiB2, a hiki i kekahi TiB2 ke hui pū me Ti e hana i TiB, a ʻo ke koena TiB2 hiki ke recrystallize. Hiki iā Ti ke hana me Ni e hana i ka NiTi, Ni3Ti a me NiTi2, akā ʻo Ti a me Ni ka ikehu hoʻopaʻa kemika like, e maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i kahi pūhui inert metala paʻa NiTi, a ʻo nā atom Ti he ikaika diffusion rate, no laila ʻo Ti a me Ni. e hana i ka NiTi［9］ wale nō. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka Figure 2, ʻo ka papa hoʻopaʻapaʻa laser i haku ʻia me TiB, TiB2, α-Ti, NiTi alloy solid solution, TiO2, etc., a hōʻike pū nā hopena XRD i kahi liʻiliʻi o β-Ti.

E like me ka awelika o ka ikehu manuahi ʻo Gibbs, ʻekolu hopena hiki ke loaʻa: e nānā (1), (2), a me (3) ma ke kiʻi. I ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka laser, hiki i nā ʻātoma Ni a me B ke hana me nā ʻātoma Ti e hoʻohua i ka TiB2, NiTi, a me TiB. ʻO ka awelika o ka ikehu manuahi ʻo Gibbs ΔG2 < ΔG1 < ΔG3, no laila ʻo ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea ʻo TiB > NiTi > TiB2.

Ke piʻi aʻe ka māhele o ka pauka TiB2 i 30%, e hele ana ke ʻano hopena thermochemical (2) i ka ʻākau. Ke piʻi aʻe ka pae TiB i ka papa hoʻopaʻa laser a hoʻemi ka pae Ti. Ke hoʻomau nei ka nui o ka pauka TiB2 i ka 40%, piʻi hou ka ʻike o nā pae TiB a me TiB2. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā Ni a me Ti kahi pilina ikaika a hoʻokumu i ka metallization NiTi. No laila, ʻo nā huahana nui hope loa o Ni + 40% TiB2 laser cladding layer ʻo NiTi, TiO2, TiB, TiB2 a me Ti.

3.2 ʻInikua
Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano SEM o Ni + 20% TiB2 laser cladding layer ma ke Kiʻi 3. ʻO ka papa hoʻopaʻa ʻana i hana nui ʻia me ka ʻāpana elliptical ʻeleʻele, ka pae nila elongated a me ka pae cellular a puni. ʻO ka awelika anawaena o ka māhele micro-particle i hoʻolaha nui ʻia he 0.5 ~ 3.0μm. No ka mea he 5 ka helu atomic o ka element B, ʻaʻole hiki ke ana pono i ka ʻike kikoʻī o ka ikehu maʻamau i ka maʻiʻo o nā mea me ka helu ʻātoma ma lalo o 10. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) no ke ana ʻana i ka puʻunaue a me ka ʻike o kēlā me kēia mea i ka papa hoʻopili [10, 11]. Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena EPMA ma nā kūlana like ʻole ma ke Kiʻi 3 ma ka Papa 3.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka Papa 3, ʻo ka hui kemika o ka ʻāpana pale i haku nui ʻia me nā mea Ti, B, Ni, a he liʻiliʻi nā mea Al a me V. ʻO ka maʻiʻo o nā mea Ti a me Ni ma ke kūlana a he ʻano like nō ia, ʻaʻohe mea B, a aia paha ka hopena paʻa NiTi. ʻO nā mea nui ma ke kūlana b ʻo Ti a me B, a ʻoi aku ka ʻike o nā mea ʻelua ma mua o 40%. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka pae like me ka nila ma ke kūlana b ʻo ia ʻo TiB.

E like me ke kānāwai thermodynamic o Gibbs, ikehu ikehu BB > ikehu pili B-Ti > ikehu pili Ti-Ti [12], ka mea e oi aku ai ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ana o TiB i kona kiʻekiʻe iho ma mua o ka ulu ʻana e kū pono ana i kona kiʻekiʻe. ʻo ia ka mea e maʻalahi ai ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano like me ka nila. ʻO ka maʻiʻo o ka mea B ma ke kūlana c ma kahi o ʻelua ʻelua o ko Ti element. Hōʻike ka spectrum XRD ma ke Kiʻi 2 i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika o ka piko o ka diffraction o TiB2. ʻO ka pae elliptical ʻeleʻele ma ke kūlana c ʻo ia paha ʻo TiB2.

Hōʻike ʻia ka SEM microstructure o nā ʻāpana pale laser me nā lākiō pauka like ʻole ma ke Kiʻi 4. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka wā e liʻiliʻi ai ka maʻiʻo TiB2, e emi ana ka ʻike TiB i loko o ka ʻāpana pale a ʻoi aku ka hoʻopuehu ʻana. Ke piʻi aʻe ka maʻiʻo hoʻohui TiB2, piʻi ka maʻiʻo TiB, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana metallographic TiB, a hoʻopuehu ʻia ka māhele. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mea B e hāpai ana i ka pane ʻana ma waena o ka mea B a me Ti.

I mea e aʻo ai i ka microstructure o ka uhi ʻana, hōʻike ʻia ka SEM microstructure o luna, waena a me lalo o ka uhi ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 5.

ʻIke ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka papa ʻaina me ka gradient hohonu. Hoʻohui ʻia kahi helu nui o nā ʻāpana ʻelua i loko o ka wahi ma ka piko o ka uhi, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i ʻoki maikaʻi ʻia, a aia kahi helu liʻiliʻi o ke ʻano o ka nila a me ke ʻano. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka TiB a me TiB2 mau mea hoʻoikaika ikaika ke pale i ka nalowale o ka wela ma luna o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe. Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka luku ʻana, ulu nā huaʻai i loko o ka papa pale i ke kuhikuhi ʻole i ka ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa a me ka nucleate hou. He liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka māhele hou ma hope o ka nucleation, kahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ai nā ʻāpana ʻāpana [13]. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka waena o ka uhi e ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela wela mai luna a lalo, a ʻo ka nui o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka waena, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka EPMA ke ʻike i nā mea boron, a ʻo ka luna o ka uhi i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. , ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele maikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka nila a me nā ʻāpana herringbone keʻokeʻo.

E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 6, ʻo nā hopena o ka nānā ʻana i ka mokulele o ka microstructure e hōʻike ana aia kahi ʻano eutectic waiwai. ʻO ke ʻano o ka petal ʻeleʻele ka pae eutectic TiB/TiB2/TiNiB, ʻo ke ʻano herringbone keʻokeʻo ʻo NiTi, a ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe he derivatives o ka titanium martensitic phase transformation. Hōʻike ʻia ka BES microstructure i waenakonu o ka 20% TiB2 laser cladding coating ma ke Kiʻi 7, me nā ʻāpana o nā kala like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a me ka hina hina. ʻO ka mea ʻālohilohi ka hui NiTi intermetallic, ʻo ka ʻeleʻele ʻo ka titanium-boron i hui pū ʻia, a ʻo ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka hui hui o ka martensitic titanium a me ka titanium oxide. Ke piʻi mālie nei ka ʻāpana herringbone ma lalo o ka uhi ʻana o ka laser cladding, hoʻomaka ka nui o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻeleʻele hina hina, a ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ke ʻano o ka petal ʻeleʻele a me ke ʻano o ka nila.

3.3 Microhardness
E like me ka microhardness ho'āʻo, ka paakiki o Ti6Al4V alloy mea 349.2HV1.0. Hōʻike ʻia ka microhardness o nā ʻāpana pale laser i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me nā lākiō pauka ʻokoʻa ma ka hohonu ma ka Figure 8. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka microhardness o nā ʻāpana pale laser me nā lākiō pauka like ʻole ma mua o ka huila Ti6Al4V. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka lākiō pauka TiB2, piʻi mālie ka microhardness. Ke 2% ka lākiō o ka pauka TiB40, ʻo ka microhardness kiʻekiʻe loa o ka papa pale i hiki i 920.8HV1.0, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o 3 mau manawa o ka huila Ti6Al4V.

Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hohonu o ka papa ʻaina laser i loko o kekahi ʻano, ʻo ka microhardness o ka papa e hōʻike ana i ka wikiwiki o ka emi ʻana, a ʻo ka ʻāpana cross-section ma luna o ka ʻili paʻa o ka substrate a me ka uhi e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano fluctuation o microhardness. ʻO ka ʻāpana cross-section me ka hohonu o 0.7 a 0.8 mm aia i loko o ka wahi wela. ʻO ka microhardness o kēia wahi ma kahi o 400HV1.0, a lohi loa ka piʻi ʻana o ka microhardness. ʻO ka microhardness o ka ʻāpana cross-section ma kahi hohonu o 0.7 a 0.8 mm he mea kiʻekiʻe loa no ka mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā kīʻaha TiB2 i loko o ka ʻāpana laser cladding i ka hopena ikaika, a hiki i ka laser cladding kaʻina ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka TiB maikaʻi a pale i ka palaoa. ka palena dislocation slip, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka microhardness o ka papa cladding laser i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ke kaʻina hana pale laser [14].

Ma lalo o ka mana o ke kahe wai hehee, hoʻomaka ka ʻili TiB2 e diffuse, a aia kekahi koena TiB2 i waenakonu o ka papa cladding, akā ʻaʻole e kiʻekiʻe ka ʻike, a e emi iki ka microstructure [15] . ʻO ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ka ʻāpana pale ʻo ia ka ʻāpana wela. Ke lana nei ka nui o nā mea Ti ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, e hopena i ka helu dilution nui o ka mea makua i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe, me ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, a ʻo ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wela ka microhardness haʻahaʻa loa [16]. Hōʻike nā hopena i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka pauka TiB2 e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka papa cladding.

3.4 ʻAʻahu kūʻē
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka'āpana laser me ka lākiō pauka likeʻole me ka ukana e like me ka mea i hōʻikeʻia ma ka Figure 9. ʻO ka nui o kaʻaʻahu o Ti6Al4V a me ka laser cladding layers e piʻi aʻe me ka piʻiʻana o ka ukana, aʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā papa lole laser ma mua o ʻo ia o nā mea substrate Ti6Al4V, e hōʻike ana he maikaʻi loa ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā papa pale. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana pale e pili pono ana i ka maʻiʻo paʻakikī. Ke piʻi aʻe ka lākiō o ka pauka TiB2 mai 20% a 30%, piʻi aʻe ka maʻiʻo paʻakikī TiB a hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka lole; ke piʻi aʻe ka lākiō o ka pauka TiB2 mai 30% a i 40%, e piʻi hou ana ka maʻiʻo paʻakikī o TiB, a ʻike ʻia ʻo TiB2, e hopena i ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka 1.5 × 10-4 mm3/s.

Hōʻike ʻia ka SEM wear morphology o Ti6Al4V ma lalo o nā haʻawe like ʻole i ka Figure 10. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka Figure 10a, ʻo ka titanium alloy e hana liʻiliʻi loa i nā ʻōpala lole ma lalo o kahi haʻahaʻa o 20 N, a ʻo ke kapa komo he ʻano ʻole, curved, a me daimana- ʻano (e nānā i ka ʻāpana A ma ka Kiʻi 10a), e hōʻike ana ua pōʻino loa ka mea substrate Ti6Al4V i ka wā o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana. ʻoni. Ke piʻi ka haʻawe i 40N, piʻi ka hohonu o ka awāwa (e nānā i ka ʻāpana B ma ke Kiʻi 10b), piʻi wikiwiki nā ʻāpana abrasive, a hiki ke komo a me ka ʻae ʻana i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana substrate, no laila ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka ʻaʻahu abrasive a me ka hoʻopili. Ke 60N ka ukana, hana ʻia kekahi mau lua nui ma luna o ka ʻili lole (e ʻike i ka ʻāpana C ma ke Kiʻi 10c), a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻāpana abrasive ma luna o ka ʻili (e nānā i ka ʻāpana D ma ke Kiʻi 10c). No laila, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ukana e hoʻolalelale i ka ʻili ʻana o ka mea hao titanium i ka wā o ka friction a me ke kaʻina hana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka friction a me ka hana ʻana o ka titanium alloy. Li JN et al. [17] a me Weng F. et al. [18] loaʻa nō hoʻi nā ʻili lole like ʻole o nā alloys titanium.

ʻO ka Ni + 40% TiB2 cladding layer loaʻa ka microhardness kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa. No laila, ua koho ʻia ka Ni + 40% TiB2 ma luna o ka ʻili o ka titanium alloy e aʻo i ke ʻano o ka ʻaʻahu ʻana o ka ʻili laser. Ka SEM lole morphology o ka papa hoʻopaʻa laser ma lalo o nā ukana like ʻole i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 11. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka microhardness o ka layer cladding laser, no laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o ka ʻāpana pale ma mua o ka titanium alloy. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 11a, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka helu o nā mea abrasive a ua liʻiliʻi loa ka nui (e nānā i ka ʻāpana A ma ke Kiʻi 11a). ʻO kēia ma muli o ke komo ʻana o ka paʻakikī NiB, TiB2 a me TiO2 paʻakikī [5]. Hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau hale i hāʻule i loko o ka ʻaʻahu ʻahuʻula (e nānā i ka ʻāpana B ma ke Kiʻi 11b). He mau ʻāpana paʻakikī paha ka hale. ʻO nā ʻāpana metala liʻiliʻi ua ʻoniʻoni ʻia ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke haʻi haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, e pale ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻāwī a me nā ʻōpala. Ke piʻi aʻe ka haʻawe i 40 N, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lamellar spalling, piʻi nui ka lepo abrasive o ka Ni + 40% TiB2 layer cladding, ʻike ʻia nā micropores ma luna o ka ʻili kahiko (e ʻike i ka ʻāpana C ma ke Kiʻi 11b), a me ka lole abrasive a i ka manawa like. Ke piʻi aʻe ka ukana, ʻo ka lepo abrasive o ka papa ʻaʻahu hoʻomaka ka laha ʻana i ka ʻili a pau, a piʻi ka hohonu a me ka laula o nā micropores (e nānā i ka ʻāpana D ma ke Kiʻi 11b). Hōʻike kēia mau ʻano ʻano me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ukana, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka spalling brittle, a ʻaʻole kūpono ka uhi ʻana i nā kūlana haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.

4 Hoʻopau

I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pale ʻana o ka ʻaʻahu o Ti6Al4V alloy, ka uhi ʻana o ka laser ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka titanium alloy me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka hui ʻia ʻo Ni a me TiB2. Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ma lalo nei.

(1) Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa XRD o ka papa hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka laser i ka nui o ka TiB, TiB2, α-Ti, β-Ti, NiTi alloy solid solution a me TiO2, a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka lākiō pauka TiB2, ka pae TiB2. piʻi hou aʻe ka ʻike.

(2) ʻO ka papa hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea nui i haku ʻia me ka ʻāpana elliptical ʻeleʻele, ka manawa like me ka nila elongated a me ka pae cellular a puni. ʻO ka ʻāpana elliptical ʻeleʻele ʻo TiB2, ʻo ka ʻāpana like me ka nila ʻo TiB, a ʻo ka pae cellular a puni ʻo NiTi. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka TiB2 hoʻohui, piʻi ka ʻike TiB a lilo nā ʻāpana metallographic TiB i ʻoi aku ka coarser.

(3) Ke hiki i ka 2% ka lākiō o ka pauka TiB40, hiki i ka microhardness o ka papa pale i ka nui o 920. 8HV1. 0, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o 3 mau manawa o ka huila Ti6Al4V. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka microhardness e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana o ka pale pale. Ke piʻi aʻe ka ukana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka peeling brittle o ka hoʻopili composite, ʻaʻole kūpono no nā kūlana haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.