Abstract: Wannan takarda ta gabatar da dalla-dalla yadda ake amfani da su Laser cladding fasaha don gyara ƙofofin ƙofa na shukar ƙarfe, gami da aikin shirye-shiryen kafin gyarawa, zaɓin sigogin tsarin cladding Laser, mahimman abubuwan aiki yayin aikin gyaran gyare-gyare, da ingantaccen dubawa bayan gyarawa, da dai sauransu, don samar da tunani don dacewa da dacewa. injiniyoyi da ma'aikatan fasaha.

1. Gabatarwa
A cikin aikin samar da ƙarfe, ƙofar ƙofar, a matsayin muhimmin kayan aiki, an yi ta fama da matsanancin yanayin aiki kamar yanayin zafi mai tsanani, nauyi mai nauyi da gogayya na dogon lokaci, kuma yana fuskantar matsaloli kamar lalacewa, fasa da lalata. wanda ke da matukar tasiri ga al'ada aiki da rayuwar sabis na kayan aiki. Hanyoyin gyaran gyare-gyare na al'ada irin su surfacing da zafi mai zafi suna da rashin amfani na babban yankin da zafi ya shafa, ƙananan ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da rashin daidaituwa na gyarawa. A matsayin gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na ci gaba da fasaha na gyaran gyare-gyare, fasahar cladding laser yana da fa'idodi na ƙananan yankin da ke fama da zafi, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da kuma daidaitattun gyare-gyare, samar da sabon bayani don gyaran ƙofofin ƙofar.

2. Shiri kafin gyara
2.1 Binciken kayan aiki
Gudanar da cikakken bincike na baka na ƙofar da ke buƙatar gyara, gami da duba kamanni, ma'aunin ƙima da gwaji mara lalacewa, da sauransu, don tantance ɓangaren da ya lalace, matakin lalacewa da iyakar gyarawa.
2.2 Gyaran saman
Pretreat saman ɓangaren da aka gyara don cire gurɓataccen abu kamar mai, tsatsa da oxide Layer, kuma amfani da niƙa na inji, sandblasting ko pickling don sa saman ya bayyana haske na ƙarfe da roughness ya kai Ra3.2 - Ra6.3μm.
2.3 Zaɓin abubuwa
Zaɓi kayan cladding laser masu dacewa bisa ga kayan aiki da yanayin aiki na baka na ƙofar. Gabaɗaya, kayan kwalliyar gami tare da dacewa mai kyau tare da kayan tushe, ana zaɓi juriya da juriya na lalata, kamar tushen cobalt, tushen nickel da foda na tushen ƙarfe.
2.4 Zane kayan aiki
Ƙirƙirar kayan aiki na musamman na kayan aiki bisa ga siffar da girman ƙofa na ƙofar don tabbatar da matsayi da daidaitawa na aikin aiki yayin aikin gyaran gyare-gyare da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton gyaran gyare-gyare.
3. Zaɓin sigogin tsari na cladding laser
3.1 Laser ikon
Ikon Laser yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sigogi waɗanda ke shafar ingancin cladding Laser. Gabaɗaya magana, mafi girman ƙarfin Laser, mafi girma zurfin da faɗin Layer ɗin, amma ƙarfin Laser mai ƙarfi zai haifar da lahani kamar tsagewa da pores a cikin Layer ɗin. Dangane da kayan, kauri da buƙatun gyaran ƙofar baka, zaɓi ƙarfin laser da ya dace, gabaɗaya tsakanin 1-5kW.
3.2 Gudun dubawa
Gudun dubawa yana ƙayyade lokacin aiki na Laser akan farfajiyar aikin da kuma saurin samar da Layer cladding. Idan saurin dubawa ya yi sauri, kauri da faɗin layin da aka rufe zai ragu, kuma ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa zai ragu; idan saurin dubawa ya yi jinkiri sosai, layin da aka rufe yana da saurin zafi, ablation da sauran matsaloli. Dangane da ƙarfin Laser da buƙatun gyara, zaɓi saurin dubawa da ya dace, gabaɗaya tsakanin 2-10mm/s.
3.3 Yawan ciyar da foda
Matsakaicin ciyarwar foda yana rinjayar abun da ke ciki da kauri na cladding Layer. Idan adadin ciyar da foda ya yi yawa, foda da ba a narkewa ba a cikin rufin cladding zai ƙaru kuma tsarin zai zama mara daidaituwa; idan adadin ciyarwar foda ya yi ƙanƙanta, kauri daga cikin ƙulli bai isa ba kuma ba zai iya biyan buƙatun gyara ba. Dangane da ƙarfin laser da saurin dubawa, zaɓi ƙimar ciyarwar foda da ta dace, gabaɗaya tsakanin 5-30g/min.
3.4 Matsakaicin adadin
Domin tabbatar da ci gaba da daidaito na sassan da aka gyara, akwai buƙatar samun wani takamammen haɗuwa tsakanin hanyoyin da ke kusa. Matsakaicin haɗuwa gabaɗaya shine tsakanin 30% da 50%, kuma ana ƙayyade takamaiman ƙimar gwargwadon buƙatun gyara da sigogin tsari.

4. Mahimman wuraren aiki a lokacin aikin gyarawa
4.1 Gyara kayan aiki
Kafin gyaran gyare-gyare na yau da kullum, cire kayan aiki na laser don tabbatar da cewa ma'auni na kayan aiki sun tabbata kuma suna dogara, tsarin tsarin hanya mai tsabta yana da tsabta kuma ba a hana shi ba, kuma tsarin ciyar da foda yana da santsi kuma ba a toshe shi.
4.2 Aikin rufewa
Shigar da baka na ƙofa da aka riga aka yi wa magani, daidaita nisa da kusurwa tsakanin shugaban Laser da farfajiyar aikin, kuma yi aikin cladding Laser bisa ga sigogin tsarin saiti. A lokacin aikin cladding, kula da samuwar cladding Layer, daidaita sigogin tsari a cikin lokaci, kuma tabbatar da ingancin ƙwanƙwasa.
4.3 Multi-Layer cladding
Don ɓangarorin da suka lalace mai zurfi, ana buƙatar sutura mai yawa. Bayan an gama kowane nau'i na cladding, sai a tsaftace farfajiyar da aka yi da shi tare da gogewa don cire oxide Layer da foda mara narkewa a saman, sannan a yi Layer na gaba har sai girman da aikin da ake bukata don gyarawa. samu.

5. Ingantattun dubawa bayan gyarawa
5.1 Duban bayyanar
Aiwatar da duban kamanni akan bakan ƙofar da aka gyara don duba ingancin saman rufin, kamar ko akwai lahani kamar tsagewa, pores, haɗaɗɗen slag, da ko faɗuwar ƙasa da rashin ƙarfi sun cika buƙatu.
5.2 Ma'aunin girma
Yi amfani da kayan aikin aunawa don auna ma'auni na sassan da aka gyara don duba ko girman bayan gyara sun hadu da buƙatun ƙira.
5.3 Gwajin mara lalacewa
Yi amfani da hanyoyin gwaji marasa lalacewa kamar gwajin ultrasonic, gwajin ƙwayar maganadisu, da gwajin shigar ciki don gwada ingancin ciki na Layer ɗin da kuma bincika ko akwai lahani na ciki.
5.4 Gwajin kayan inji
Yi gwaje-gwajen kadarori na injina akan madaidaicin rufin da aka gyara, kamar gwajin taurin ƙarfi, gwajin ƙarfi, gwajin tasiri, da sauransu, don bincika ko ƙayyadaddun kayan inji na Layer cladding sun cika buƙatun aiki.

Kammalawa
A matsayin fasaha na gyare-gyare na ci gaba, Laser cladding fasaha yana da fa'idar aikace-aikacen gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren ƙofa a cikin tsire-tsire na karfe. Ta hanyar zaɓin madaidaicin tsari mai ma'ana da kulawar aiki mai tsauri, za'a iya gyara ɓarnar ɓarnar ɓangarorin ƙofa da kyau, za a iya inganta rayuwar sabis da amincin kayan aiki, kuma ana iya ba da tallafi mai ƙarfi don samar da aminci da rage farashi da haɓaka ingantaccen aiki. na kamfanonin karfe. A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, ya zama dole don ci gaba da haɓaka sigogin tsari da hanyoyin aiki bisa ga takamaiman halin da ake ciki don ƙara haɓaka ingancin gyare-gyare da ingantaccen fasahar cladding laser.